2. 外语
  3. Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the

Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the

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问题     Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.  The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a "natural spillover." Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
    Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were re- cruited; by the 1730 ’ s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.
    Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New Eng- land, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.
    Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of in- dentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political cul- ture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.
The author of the passage states that Bailyn failed to
选项 A、give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.
B、describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
C、take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.
D、relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.
E、investigate the lives of Europeans before they came to colonial North America to determine more adequately their motivations for migrating.
答案D
解析 本文作者指出，Bailyn的一个失误是没做到：A．对英国和殖民地之间的文化、政治联系给以强调。这点Bailyn给以强调，见原文L45—48。B．“different ethnic backgrounds”文中作者也未提出。C．对于想获得土地“那一部分人的经验的调查”文中作者未指出。D．正确。把移民经历和最终确定美国特点的一些政治意识联系起来。L66—68。E．调查移民们从前在欧洲的生活，以确定其移民动机。此点Bailyn做过，其第一个理论成果就是此项内容L10-20。
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