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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
    If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
In a private-enterprise economy, people are ______.
选项 A、allowed to own productive resources and certain rights
B、permitted to control over natural resources
C、allowed to determine the price of a product
D、permitted to make a free contract with another private individual
答案A
解析 根据最后一段的第一句得知，个人允许拥有一定的生产资源，并且允许雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，以及为赚取利润生产产品、提供服务。也就是说，除了拥有一定的生产资源以外，个人还能拥有一定的权利。因此选项A是对的，选项B断章取义。最后一句提到，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的私人占有，也包括一定的权益，比如，产品价格的决定权或其他私有个体的自由契约权。也就是说，最后一句在进一步解释私有财产的概念，因此选项C和选项D解释的对象并不是个人，而是私有财产这个概念，因此这两个选项所答非所问。
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