首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
admin
2019-05-26
85
问题
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ten-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carders.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who fed they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme eases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace"? Asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be tilt with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes. Still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
选项
A、cost reduction is based on competition
B、services call for cross-trade coordination
C、outside competitors will continue to exist
D、shippers will have the railway by the throat
答案
C
解析
考查对细节的了解。文章第二段明确指出了原因:超级公司的支持者认为这些合并将降低花费,提高服务质量。他们认为垄断的威胁,将被来自卡车的竞争抵消。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/99nZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstop【C1】______thembecausetheyareeasiertosack.Butin【C2】______episodes
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstop【C1】______thembecausetheyareeasiertosack.Butin【C2】______episodes
Inrecentdecades,scientistshavebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheparttheobserver【C1】______inthescientificprocess.Inthe
PresidentBarackObamaclaimedprogressWednesdayinhissecond-termdrivetocombatclimatechangebutsaidmoremustbedonet
Atschoolwewentoveroursocialnetworkingguidelines.【C1】______theobvious—don’tbeinappropriatewithstudentsthroughtexti
Atschoolwewentoveroursocialnetworkingguidelines.【C1】______theobvious—don’tbeinappropriatewithstudentsthroughtexti
Whatdoesitmeantobeintelligent?Mostpsychologistsagreethatabstractreasoning,problemsolving,andtheabilitytoacqui
Directions:Youarewritingamaster’sthesisandneedsomereferencematerials.WritealettertoProfessorRichardandask
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflig
Whenyouaskyoungpersontotellthenamesofsomefamousmoviesandthechancesarethatmanyofthosementionedwillbepopul
随机试题
赫兹伯格归纳职工非常满意的因素有哪些?
女性,45岁,被钢管砸伤右上臂,疼痛、活动受限3小时入院。查体:右上肢严重肿胀,有张力性水疱,被动牵拉前臂剧痛,右前臂桡侧、拇指、示指痛觉消失,腕关节不能被伸,桡动脉搏动未触及,末梢血运极差。患者目前考虑诊断除外
勘察工作不仅要满足设计的需要,更要以( )的精神保证所提交勘察报告的准确性、及时性,为设计的安全、合理提供必要的条件。
证明的过程由( )组成。
苏联心理学家维果斯基就儿童心理发展观提出了()
下列有关气象及灾害的说法正确的是()。
A最近水果太贵了。B喂,是张东吗?C王芳,你家离学校远吗?D是吗?我正打算请她教我呢。E我的嗓子疼得厉害,还发烧。王老师的钢琴弹得很好,教过很多学生。()
Heofferedto___________herahandasthesuitcasewastooheavyforhertocarry.
Facedwithstrongcompetitors,themanager_____________________(制定并实了一新政策以调动雇员的积极性)。
Accordingtothereport,thereisatotalof59.2millionpaidhealthworkersworldwide.LatinAmericanRegion’sratioofnurse
最新回复
(
0
)