首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2012-11-11
89
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) .
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
(13) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) . But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
选项
A、Given
B、Appointed
C、Furnished
D、Distributed
答案
A
解析
本题测试词义搭配。give意为“分配,给予”,指作为某物的一部分或份额进行派定或分配;appoint意为“委任,指派”,指选派或指定某人来填补一个位置或职位;furnish意为“装备,提供”,指配备家具等所需之物;distribute意为“分配,分派”,指把物品分发成几个部分或分发到几个地方。根据后面的given the task of getting a toy可知,应该选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9Ae4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
ThemajordifferencebetweennarrativesalesandsuggestivesalesisthatMindycomparessalespeopletowinestewardsinthat_
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthe
IthasbeenawretchedfewweeksforAmerica’scelebritybosses.AIG’sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramaticallyoustedfromthef
Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964.Butappear
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarked
Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertising
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUni
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
随机试题
影响Ⅱ型错误概率大小的因素有哪些?
(2003)Itwasnotuntil1936_____thosefactorieswererebuilt.
闻一多提出的新格律诗的“三美”主张是
男,50岁。30年吸烟史,支气管镜活检可见鳞状上皮和支气管腺体,此种病理变化属于
临床上用于解救吗啡类急性中毒引起的呼吸抑制的药物是( )。
骨折最有诊断意义的表现是
混凝土外加剂能改善混凝土拌和物的()、减轻体力劳动强度、有利于机械化作业,这对保证并提高混凝土的工程质量很有好处。
在普通高中化学课程标准中“了解居室装修材料的主要成分及其作用”内容标准对应的课程模块是()。
在PowerPoint2003中,不可以用拖动方法改变幻灯片顺序的视图有()。
Whywork?【S1】youhaveperiodicallyaskedyourselfthesamequestion,perhapsfocusedon【S2】youhavetowork.Selfinterest
最新回复
(
0
)