首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing app
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing app
admin
2015-09-30
83
问题
What shapes moral emotions in the first place? The answer has long been evolution, hut in recent years there’s an increasing appreciation that evolution isn’t just about competition. It’s also about cooperation within groups. 【F1】
Like bees, humans have long lived or died based on their ability to divide labor, help each other and stand together in the face of common threats.
Many of our moral emotions and intuitions reflect that history. We don’t just care about our individual rights, or even the rights of other individuals. We also care about loyalty, respect, traditions, religions. We are all the descendents of successful cooperators.
The first nice thing about this evolutionary approach to morality is that it emphasizes the social nature of moral intuition. People are not discrete units coolly formulating moral arguments. They link themselves together into communities and networks of mutual influence.
The second nice thing is that it entails a warmer view of human nature.【F2】
Evolution is always about competition, but for humans, as Darwin speculated, competition among groups has turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creatures—at least within our families, groups and sometimes nations.
The third nice thing is that it explains the haphazard way most of us lead our lives without destroying dignity and choice. Moral intuitions have primacy, Haidt argues, but they are not dictators.【F3】
There are times, often the most important moments in our lives, when in fact we do use reason to override moral intuitions, and often those reasons — along with new intuitions—come from our friends.
The rise and now dominance of this emotional approach to morality is an epochal change. It challenges all sorts of traditions. It challenges the bookish way philosophy is conceived by most people. It challenges the Talmudic tradition, with its hyper-rational scrutiny of texts.【F4】
It challenges the new atheists, who see themselves involved in a war of reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and in the purity of their own reasoning.
Finally, it should also challenge the very scientists who study morality.【F5】
They’ re good at explaining how people make judgments about harm and fairness, but they still struggle to explain the feelings of awe, transcendence, patriotism, joy and self-sacrifice, which are not ancillary to most people’s moral experiences, but central.
The evolutionary approach also leads many scientists to neglect the concept of individual responsibility and makes it hard for them to appreciate that most people struggle toward goodness, not as a means, but as an end in itself.
【F1】
选项
答案
和蜜蜂一样,人类繁衍至今,靠的是劳动分工、相互间的协助以及面对共同威胁时的团结战斗能力。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9DzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestionseemsobvious.Ifananimalregularly
Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestionseemsobvious.Ifananimalregularly
Allanimalsmustrest,butdotheyreallysleepasweknowit?Theanswertothisquestionseemsobvious.Ifananimalregularly
Thekeypositionandroleofwomenintheprocessofdevelopmentisincreasinglybeingrecognized.(1)_____thethreegreatWorl
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto(1)_____otherstobuyth
AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbers
Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orde
随机试题
哺乳类动物体内氨的主要代谢去路()
下列关于DNA双螺旋结构的叙述哪一项是正确的
患者一周前进食后右上腹痛明显,无明显发热。超声示胆囊大小为8.0cm×3.0cm,壁厚0.4cm,呈双边,囊内可见多发强光团,最大1.6cm,后伴声影,随体位改变有移动。右上腹相当于结肠肝曲位置见8.3cm×6.9cm不均匀光团,与胆囊界限不清,形态不规整
某地突发百年未遇的冰雪灾害,乙离开自己的住宅躲避自然灾害。两天后,大雪压垮了乙的房屋,家中财物散落一地。灾后最先返回的邻居甲路过乙家时,将乙垮塌房屋中的2万元现金拿走。关于甲行为的定性,下列哪一选项是正确的?
设计施工总承包合同文件发包人要求中规定的文件要求包括()。
下列选项中,属于应对工程项目可容许风险措施的一项是()。
对通过中国基金业协会资质考核并获得基金销售资格的基金销售人员,基金销售机构不需要为其统一办理()。
以下投资工具中,不属于固定收益投资工具的是()。
Verysoon,unimaginablypowerfultechnologieswillremakeourlives.Thiscouldhavedangerousconsequences,especiallybecause
surrogateexam-taker
最新回复
(
0
)