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  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

admin2019-06-20  28
问题    Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
   As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
   But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. " While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, " we can’t yet give a robot enough ’ common sense ’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.
   Indeed, the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
   What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design?
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答案we can’t yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world．
解析 事实细节题。第三段提到了机器人进入下一阶段需要克服的问题——减少人类监督，代替人类自行做出一些决定。接下来作者引述了美国国家航空航天局一个机器人项目的经理戴夫-莱弗里的话，他明确指出人类还无法给予机器人足够多的人类常识，使其让人放心地与动态世界进行互动。
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