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Contrast to researchers’ expectations, dysfunctional family relationships and poor

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问题     Contrast to researchers’ expectations,
dysfunctional family relationships and poor                                             【M1】______
communication styles appear to have much effect on
whether young children become                                                           【M2】______
depressed, a study has found. While many children under 5 exhibit symptoms of depression
, they often have not been exposed against known risk factors,
experts find. And many                                                                  【M3】______
children who are exposed to those risk factors appear to be resilient. In the study, Australian
researchers looked at many factors,
including marital partner change, mothers’ health                                       【M4】______
in pregnancy, a child’ s health in the first six months of life and marital anxiety in more than
5,000 mothers over a period of five years.
But few of them correlated to early childhood                                           【M5】______
depression. The authors warned that their results, published in the June issue of Social
Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, depended on reports by mothers about their
children’s experience,
and that the mothers’ emotional states might have affected those                        【M6】______
reports. They also conceded that young, lonely, low-income mothers were                 【M7】______
often lost as to follow-up during the years of the study, and that the children of those【M8】______
mothers might be expected to have higher rate of depression.
"If what we have found is                                                               【M9】______
correct," said Dr. Jake Najman, the lead author and a professor of sociology at the University
of Queensland, "then depression in children has a large constitutional component"
that is transmitted either genetically or by exposure to risks before or during pregnancy. Dr.
Najman suggested that early invention might
help prevent depression from developing in                                             【M10】______
early life.
【M8】
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