2. 外语
  3. Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral speech, writing, national flags, and flag signaling-deve

Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral speech, writing, national flags, and flag signaling-deve

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问题            Modern anthropologists hold that referential symbolism—i.e. oral speech,
       writing, national flags, and flag signaling-developed later than condensation
       symbolism, a highly condensed form of substitutive behavior for direct
Line    expression that allows the release of emotional tension. Most referential
(5)      symbolisms derive from unconsciously evolved symbolisms saturated with
       emotional quality that have gradually acquired a purely referential character as
       the linked emotion dropped out of the behavior. Thus, shaking the fist at an
       imaginary enemy-condensation symbolism-becomes a dissociated and thus
       referential symbol for anger when no enemy is actually intended.
(10)         Once referential symbolism is established as a mere by-product of behavior,
       more conscious symbols of reference are evolved by the imitation in simplified
       form of the thing signified, as in the case of pictographic writing. Referential
       symbolism may also be attained by mere social agreement, as when a numbered
       check is arbitrarily assigned to a man’s hat. The less primary and associational
(15)     the symbolism,  the more dissociated from its original context, the less
       emotionalized it becomes, the more it takes on the character of true reference.
If the argument in the passage is valid, a condensation symbol of performing a gesture in the presence of a specific problem would be LEAST likely to become a referential symbol for expressing dismay when
选项 A、the gesture’s performance begins to lose its emotional saturation
B、people perform the gesture in the absence of any specific problem
C、the gesture acquires a secondary emotional meaning
D、another gesture for expressing dismay comes into common usage
E、people never perform the gesture except when confronted with the specific problem
答案E
解析
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