2. 外语
  3. One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that th

One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that th

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问题     One of the most contentious(有争议的)issues in the vast literature about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don’t drink tend to die sooner than those who do. The standard Alcoholics Anonymous(匿名戒酒互助会)explanation for this finding is that many of those who show up as abstainers(戒酒者)in such research are actually former hard-core drunks who had already incurred health problems associated with drinking.
    But a new paper in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research suggests that—for reasons that aren’t entirely clear abstaining from alcohol does tend to increase one’s risk of dying, even when you exclude former problem drinkers. The most shocking part: Abstainers’ mortality rates are higher than those of heavy drinkers.
    Moderate drinking, which is defined as one to three drinks per day, is associated with the lowest mortality rates in alcohol studies. Moderate alcohol use(especially when the beverage of choice is red wine)is thought to improve heart health, circulation and sociability, which can be important because people who are isolated don’t have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.
    But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life? It’s true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes, since drinking can be expensive. And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors—job and child-care worries that might not only keep them from the bottle but also cause stress-related illnesses over long periods.(They also don’t get the stress-reducing benefits of a drink or two after work.)
    But even after controlling for nearly all imaginable variables—socioeconomic status, level of physical activity, number of close friends, quality of social support and so on—the researchers(a six-member team led by psychologist Charles Holahan of the University of Texas at Austin)found that over a 20-year period, mortality rates were highest for those who were not current drinkers, regardless of whether they used to be alcoholics, second highest for heavy drinkers and lowest for moderate drinkers.
According to the research over a 20-year period, what kind of people have the highest mortality rates?
选项 A、Those who didn’t drink during that period.
B、Those who drunk before that period.
C、Those who were heavy drinkers.
D、Those who were moderate drinkers.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。最后一段指出，在20年的时间段中，死亡率最高的是在这20年中没有喝酒的人(无论他们以前是否喝酒)，死亡率第二高的是酗酒者，最低的是那些适度饮酒者。由此可知，A)“那些在那个期间没有喝酒的人”为正确答案。
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