2. 外语
  3. Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. This part of the test

Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. This part of the test

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问题 Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150 words of what you have heard. This part of the test carries 30 points. You will hear the passage only once. At the end of the recording, you will have 25 minutes to finish this part. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily.  
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答案 Some of the debt problems are caused by subtle psychological factors or individual attitudes. It is regarded by some experts that some spend their money as a demonstration of their adult power. Some shop because they want to spend something that is "dirty" in their eyes. Some others go into debt because they overspend to ease their stress, buy things as an emotional compensation to their family members or to prove their values. There are other factors fro the harsh reality like illness, job problems or high cost of living. However, there are some psychological tips that are useful to reduce your spending: redress their attitudes towards money; look for other alternatives of rewards; try to increase your bank savings for more purposeful use instead of overspending; adopt a behavioral approach step by step; set a good example in money management to the kids at home. It’s not your fault. Mind games you learned as a child might be to blame for that rising MasterCard balance. "We make decisions about money and debt and spending from what we saw as children," says Stephanie Jaeger, a consultant whose "Mind Over Money" business counsels everyone from currency traders to cash-crunched young adults. "Most people have experiences ... (as children) that they spend the rest of their lives recreating." Jaeger’s theory is that people overspend and get into trouble with debt because they are using their adults powers to soothe their childhood hurts. Someone who heard "no!" all the time as a child might like to go shopping and say "yes!" to himself, for example. People are taught in very subtle ways, that money is laden with messages that they need to address. One person might think money is dirty or tainted, and need to get rid of it as soon as possible ... by spending, of course. Another might think they have to spend profligately to feel good about themselves. There are myriad other emotional reasons why people get into debt. Some people just feel stressed out from too many responsibilities and too little time; they tell themselves they "deserve" some new reward. Others shop because they get an emotional rush from the excitement of it, or spend excessively on family members because they feel guilty about other attention not paid, or to prove to themselves or others that they are worthy. Of course, not every debt problem is caused by bad attitudes or psychological troubles. Sometimes health problems, job problems, or just the high cost of living can leave you with big balances. But to the extent that attitudes and past family patterns contribute to big debts, you can attack the debts by fixing those attitudes and using some tricks of the psychologist’s trade. Here are some pointers: -- Identify the feelings you have about money. Jaeger tells her clients to recall their earliest memories about money and to see what messages these memories carry. Recall the way your parents made financial decisions and how they used money in your house. Analyze whether you came away with ideas that hurt you today. -- Be logical about those messages. Once you’ve identified them, try to put them in their place. Start thinking about money as a means to an end: As a tool with which you can build your life according to your priorities, or as energy which can power your life in the direction you choose. —Create different rewards. The child in us does need soothing, says Jaeger. Just don’t use cash to do it. "Find healthier energies to fill that hole." Find free activities that make you feel good. -- Use a behavioral approach. Don’t allow yourself to go into a store unless you absolutely have to. Go in for an hour without any money or credit cards, and just walk around the store and observe what triggers the urge to spend. Tell yourself you will wait three days before you buy anything that grabs your attention. -- Give yourself better rewards to make the savings worthwhile. Being debt free should be its own reward, but it isn’t always enough. Choose something you really want and make that the prize for not spending impulsively. Tell yourself, "I’m not going to buy that pair of shoes. I’m saving for next summer’s vacation." -- One day at a time. Debtors Anonymous teaches that recovering from overspending is just like recovering from other kinds of addictive behavior. Don’t bite off full recovery every day. Just agree to behave better on that day. Every day of earning more than you spend puts you closer to that firm financial footing. — Start giving your kids better habits than you were given. Don’t just say "no" to your kids, said Jaeger. Tell them why. "We aren’t buying any toys today, this is the money for next week’s family movie night." Don’t use money instead of praise to reward good report cards or family chores well done, and don’t always say yes, either. Demonstrate to your kids that you capably manage the family’s money, and that they will too. Let small children make small choices about their small allowances, and let those choices and sums grow as the kids do. Let them see some of your trade-offs, and let them know that it doesn’t bother you if their friends’ parents have bigger television sets or smaller cars. A low-stress financial life is worth buckets and buckets of money.
解析     此文章是关于购物心理研究的。有专家认为许多人成为透支消费的“购物狂”是因为他们童年时代被长辈限制购物而产生的一种叛逆和补偿心理。人们从童年时代起就对金钱产生了不同的心理印象，例如，有人会认为钱是肮脏的，需要快点花掉。文章还探讨了人们为什么会负债，例如，有人觉得现代生活压力过大，需要花钱来“奖励”自己，也有人觉得对家人关心不够，需要在他们身上花钱进行补偿等。文章最后指出可以采取一些心理战略来解决上述问题。例如，正确了解自己对金钱的看法的失误、采用行为疗法、向下一代灌输正确的金钱观念等。
    文章没有很明确的主题句，但有两个在文章中承上启下的句子，如第二段的第一句： There are myriad other emotional reasons why people get into debt.
    以及该段的最后一句：But to the extent that attitudes and past family patterns contribute to big debts，you can attack the debts by fixing those attitudes and using some tricks of the psychologist’s trade.
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