首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performanc
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performanc
admin
2017-12-19
41
问题
Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performance. This debate swings back and forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hints—more tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their best—at where the research will go next.
The value-of-practice debate has reached a stalemate. In a landmark 1993 study of musicians, a research team led by K. Anders Ericsson found that practice time explained almost all the difference(about 80 percent)between elite performers and committed amateurs. The finding rippled quickly through the popular culture, perhaps most visibly as the apparent inspiration for the "10,000-hour rule" in Malcolm Gladwell’s best-selling "Outliers" —a rough average of the amount of practice time required for expert performance.
The new paper, the most comprehensive review of relevant research to date, comes to a different conclusion. Compiling results from 88 studies across a wide range of skills, it estimates that practice time explains about 20 percent to 25 percent of the difference in performance in music, sports and games like chess. In academics, the number is much lower—4 percent—in part because it’s hard to assess the effect of previous knowledge, the authors wrote.
One of those people, Dr. Ericsson, had by last week already written his critique of the new review. He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities, including playing music or sports for fun or playing in a group. But his own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice: one-on-one lessons in which an instructor pushes a student continually, gives immediate feedback and focuses on weak spots. "If you throw all these kinds of practice into one big soup, of course you are going to reduce the effect of deliberate practice," he said in a telephone interview.
Zach Hambrick, a co-author of the paper of the journal Psychological Science, said that using Dr. Ericsson’ s definition of practice would not change the results much, if at all, and partisans on both sides have staked out positions. Like most branches of the nature-nurture debate, this one has produced multiple camps, whose estimates of the effects of practice vary by as much as 50 percentage points.
In his critique of the new review, Dr. Ericsson notes that_____.
选项
A、the definition of practice used in the paper contains various related activities
B、the study focuses on the definition of practice
C、the instructor should give immediate feedback to students
D、the mistake of the study is obvious
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities,including playing music or sports,for fun or playing in a group.(他指出,论文中采用的对练习的定义,涵盖了各种相 关的活动,包括因为觉得有趣而演奏音乐或进行运动,或是参加团体活动。)故A项“论 文中所使用的练习定义含有各种相关活动”为正确答案。B项“研究聚焦于练习的定义” 与But his own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice不符;C项“老师应该及 时向学生反馈”是对文章的断章取义;D项“研究的错误是明显的”与文章无关,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AGBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Britain’sprivateschoolsareoneofitsmostsuccessfulexports.Thechildrenofthewealthy【C1】______tothem,whetherfromChi
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
WhatdoRussia’sBelgorodprovinceandsomeschoolsinFloridaandConnecticuthaveincommon?Theyareunlikelyrecruitstothe
WhatdoRussia’sBelgorodprovinceandsomeschoolsinFloridaandConnecticuthaveincommon?Theyareunlikelyrecruitstothe
ALetterforOfferingFinancialAidYouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremote
ThestaggeringvarietyoffreestuffavailableontheInternetsometimesseemstohaverepealedthefirstlawofeconomics:Ther
Theclean-energybusinessisturningintothenextbiginvestmentboom,inwhichrisksarelightlyignored.Untilrecently,reca
Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydo
ALetterforOfferingFinancialAidYouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremote
随机试题
Word是现代办公中常用软件之一,下列说法除了______项,都是Word具备的功能。
关于CIN的论述哪项不正确
某一高血压伴充血性心力衰竭患者,同时患有肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和外周血管痉挛性疾病,应选用治疗的药物是()
建设工程设计合同中签订有仲裁条款,发生纠纷时,当事人向仲裁机构申请仲裁,对仲裁机构的裁决,当事人一方在规定期限内不履行的,另一方可以向()申请强制执行。
设a={3,5,-2},b={2,1,4},且已知λa+μb与Oz轴垂直,则必有:
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想内涵十分丰富,其中最重要、最核心的内容为“八个明确”,下列关于“八个明确”说法正确的是()。
甲施工队为乙公司铺设暖气管道,在马路上挖了一条沟,因当日没有完工,施工队便在沟的两侧各设置了一个警示红灯,但当晚10时,当地突发停电事故,此时,丙骑自行车经过此地,连人带车一同摔进沟里,造成伤害。则承担丙的损害的主体是:
(14)是系统的第一道防线,用以防止非法数据和非法用户的进ok;它一般装在(15)上以保护一个子网。
Whatisthemandoingnow?
IwasafreshmanincollegewhenImettheWhites.Theywerecompletelydifferentfrommyownfamily,yetIfeltathomewithth
最新回复
(
0
)