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  3. The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born

The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born

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问题    The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born into a family without enough money for tuition: nor should getting a degree consign(交付；委托)a person to decades of crippling debt. For the sake of fairness, class mobility, and the ideal of equality of opportunity, I believe generous financial aid should be available to all needy students for whom a four-year degree is the best way to achieve the American dream.
   But I also know America is overwhelmingly led by people with college degrees and white collar backgrounds—people who overvalue their own path to success and rig the system against others who’d thrive under a different approach. Our elites are too often blind to the value of education that is received away from college, whether through apprenticeships or vocational schools or on-the-job training. They don’t always understand that there are lots of blue-collar jobs that are more fulfilling, better paying, and more in demand than lots of white-collar jobs. And they are blind to the wisdom in cultural enclaves where a young person is not considered "culturally competent" until knowing how to perform CPR, help a stranger change a flat, or work alongside people from different social classes without taking offense when their etiquette is different than the etiquette at UCLA or Berkeley.
   So rather than promising free tuition, I have a more inclusive proposal: No matter your race or class or gender, you should be able to afford a degree from a public university without crippling debt if that path best maximizes your potential: and we should all value the important work being done at universities.
   The future I want to see begins with redoubling America’s efforts at civic education in high school. Everyone with a high-school diploma should have learned all the tools they need to meaningfully participate as citizens in America’s government-by-the-people. In fact, adults who want to study American civics now should have that opportunity.
   Next, for everyone who earns their diploma or GED, I propose financial aid for college or for an alternative investment in education that will help them toward any career that they choose, so long as they demonstrate that they’re making an informed decision. Yes, we’ll need to be watchful to fraudsters(行骗者)eager to get a piece of that money without offering valuable knowledge in return. But the problem will be no greater than under the status quo, when so much of the money that flows to public universities is wasted on administrative expansion and luxurious campus installations.
   Finally, so that those who pursue routes other than four-year colleges are treated more fairly, I propose legal reforms to eliminate obstacles like professional-licensing requirements that amount to no more than credentialism(文凭至上主义), and a shift away from insisting on a bachelor’s degree for jobs that shouldn’t require one.
What is the conclusion of the last paragraph?
选项 A、The four-year college education may not be worthwhile.
B、Professional-licensing demands are basically irrational.
C、Credentialism has become an obstacle of legal reform.
D、Diploma requirements should be set up to real needs.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。本题考查文章最后一段所做出的论断。作者在定位段中提出建议，要求消除文凭至上主义的职业认证壁垒，还特别指出，消除本不需要学士学位的工作对文凭的要求，可见作者认为文凭要求要根据实际需要而设立，故答案为D)。A)“四年的大学教育或许并不值得”，原文第一段就指出，要实现美国梦，最佳的途径就是接受四年大学教育，可见作者不可能认为高等教育不值得，故排除；B)“职业认证要求从根本上说是不合理的”，作者在该段后半部分明确提到只有文凭至上的职业认证壁垒才是不合理的，不能对职业认证一概而论，故排除；C)“文凭至上主义已经成为法律改革的障碍”是对定位段第一句的曲解，原文建议进行法律改革，消除文凭至上主义的职业认证壁垒，而不是文凭至上主义成为法律改革的壁垒，故排除。
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