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  3. Until the start of the 20th century, the rules of courtship were fairly straightforward. Male suitors called on eligible women u

Until the start of the 20th century, the rules of courtship were fairly straightforward. Male suitors called on eligible women u

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问题    Until the start of the 20th century, the rules of courtship were fairly straightforward. Male suitors called on eligible women under the watchful eyes of concerned adults. Keen chaps visited regularly and with the intent to marry. It was a dance to which everyone knew the steps. Modern pursuers are not so lucky. 【F1】Whether you are hoping for a relationship or just casual sex, dating "often feels like the worst, most unsecure form of contemporary labour: an unpaid internship," writes Moira Weigel in "Labour of Love", an occasionally amusing and often agitating look at the work of courting.
   The rules of love, Ms. Weigel argues, are shaped by economics. 【F2】The concept of "dating" only came about at the dawn of the industrial age, when new opportunities lured young people to cities. Working women were soon exposed to an array of potential mates, but many lived in boarding houses that were unfit for hosting callers. So men offered to escort romantic prospects to restaurants or dance halls. 【F3】Soon as these practices spread among the working classes, saloons and amusement parks sprang up to earn their business. By the mid-1910s even the middle classes considered "dating" a legitimate way to court.
   Shifting demographics also played a role. Falling birth-rates allowed parents to dote on fewer children, who were increasingly likely to go to school. Young people began mixing in new ways. Cars granted young lovers unprecedented privacy.
   The mating marketplace has spurred countless businesses. In the 1920s even respectable ladies began painting their faces, and the cosmetics industry exploded. As late as the 1960s most drinking establishments barred unaccompanied women, leading one enterprising New Yorker to open a place called T.G.I. Friday’s, and the "singles bar" was born. 【F4】The videotape dating services used by time-poor yuppies (雅皮士) in the 1980s set the stage for the boom in high-tech mate-shopping by the turn of the 21st century.
   In this lively tour of changing romantic mores, Ms. Weigel occasionally goes off-course. She tends to bury thinly argued points beneath grand statements, and she reserves most of her sympathy for women. But she is right to note that modem courtship is full of mixed messages. Women who are pushed to "lean in" at work are often told to pull back to appeal to men. Men who may answer to women at the office are encouraged to seem unbeatable after hours, and pay for the plea-sure, too. 【F5】Ms.Weigel argues that this arrangement sustains the fiction that men are still in control of courtship—and may also explain why, in these uncertain economic times, the labour of love is so terribly confusing.
【F5】
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答案魏盖尔女士争论道，这样的情形延续了人们对求爱的误解，那就是男性在求爱中占主导地位——而且也解释了，为何在经济不稳定的时候，追求爱情常令人感到十分困惑。
解析 ①本句是包含多个从句的复合句，有两层句子关系。第一层句子的主干是“主语+谓语+宾语从句”；第二层是宾语从句又包含了一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句。②句子主干Ms．Weigel argues that…，其中that引导的从句作argues的宾语，说明魏盖尔女士争论的观点。③第二个that引导的同位语从句解释说明the fiction的内容，即人们对求爱的误解。句末why引导的宾语从句解释说明the labour of love is so terribly confusing“追求爱情常令人感到十分困惑”的原因。
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