首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How Should Teachers Be Rewarded? [A]We never forget our best teachers—those who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an en
How Should Teachers Be Rewarded? [A]We never forget our best teachers—those who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an en
admin
2018-04-07
66
问题
How Should Teachers Be Rewarded?
[A]We never forget our best teachers—those who inspired us with a deeper understanding or an enduring passion, the ones we come back to visit years after graduating, the educators who opened doors and altered the course of our lives.
[B]It would be wonderful if we knew more about such talented teachers and how to multiply their number. How do they come by their craft? What qualities and capacities do they possess? Can these abilities be measured? Can they be taught? Perhaps above all: How should excellent teaching be rewarded so that the best teachers—the most competent, caring and compelling—remain in a profession known for low pay and low status?
[C]Such questions have become critical to the future of public education in the U.S. Even as politicians push to hold schools and their faculty members responsible as never before for student learning, the nation faces a shortage of teaching talent About 3.2 million people teach in U.S. public schools, but, according to an estimate made by economist William Hussar at the National Center for Education Statistics, the nation will need to recruit an additional 2.8 million over the next eight years owing to baby-boomer retirement, growing student enrollment and staff turnover(人员调整)—-which is especially rapid among new teachers. Finding and keeping high-quality teachers are key to America’s competitiveness as a nation. Recent test results show that U.S. 10th-graders ranked just 17th in science among peers from 30 nations, while in math they placed in the bottom five. Research suggests that a good teacher is the single most important factor in boosting achievement, more important than class size, the dollars spent per student or the quality of textbooks and materials.
[D]Across the country, hundreds of school districts are experimenting with new ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. Many of these efforts borrow ideas from business. They include signing bonuses for hard-to-fill jobs like teaching high school chemistry, housing allowances and what might be called combat pay for teachers who commit to working in the most distressed schools. But the idea gaining the most motivation—and controversy—is merit pay, which attempts to measure the quality of teachers’ work and pay teachers accordingly.
[E]Traditionally, public-school salaries are based on years spent on the job and college credits earned, a system favored by unions because it treats all teachers equally. Of course, everyone knows that not all teachers are equal. Just witness how hard parents try to get their kids into the best classrooms. And yet there is no universally accepted way to measure competence, much less the great charm of a truly brilliant educator. In its absence, policymakers have focused on that current measure of all things educational: student test scores. In districts across the country, administrators are devising systems that track student scores back to the teachers who taught them in an attempt to assign credit and blame and, in some cases, target help to teachers who need it. Offering bonuses to teachers who raise student achievement, the theory goes, will improve the overall quality of instruction, retain those who get the job done and attract more highly qualified candidates to the profession—all while lifting those all-important test scores.
[F]Such efforts have been encouraged by the government, which in 2006 started a program that awards $99 million a year in grants to districts that link teacher compensation to raising student test scores. Merit pay has also become part of the debate in Congress over how to improve the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Last summer, the president signed merit pay at a meeting of the National Education Association, the nation’s largest teachers’ union, so long as the measure of merit is "developed with teachers, not imposed on them and not based on some test score." Hillary Clinton says she does not support merit pay for individual teachers but does advocate performance-based pay on a schoolwide basis.
[G]It’s hard to argue against the notion of rewarding the best teachers for doing a good job. But merit pay has a long history in the U.S., and new programs to pay teachers according to test scores have already had an opposite effect in Florida and Houston. What holds more promise is broader efforts to transform the profession by combining merit pay with more opportunities for professional training and support, thoughtful assessments of how teachers do their jobs and new career paths for top teachers.
[H]To the business-minded people who are increasingly running the nation’s schools, there’s an obvious solution to the problems of teacher quality and teacher turnover offer better pay for better performance. The challenge is deciding who deserves the extra cash. Merit-pay movements in the 1920s, ’50s and ’80s turned to failure just because of that question, as the perception grew that bonuses were awarded to principals’ pets. Charges of unfairness, along with unreliable funding and union opposition, sank such experiments.
[I]But in an era when states are testing all students annually, there’s a new, less subjective window onto how well a teacher does her job. As early as 1982, University of Tennessee statistician Sanders seized on the idea of using student test data to assess teacher performance. Working with elementary-school test results in Tennessee, he devised a way to calculate an individual teacher’s contribution to student progress. Essentially, his method is this: he takes three or more years of student test results, projects a trajectory(轨迹)for each student based on past performance and then looks at whether, at the end of the year, the students in a given teacher’s class tended to stay on course, soar above expectations or fall short. Sanders uses statistical methods to adjust for flaws and gaps in the data. "Under the best circumstances," he claims, "we can reliably identify the top 10% to 30% of teachers."
[J]Sanders devised his method as a management tool for administrators, not necessarily as a basis for performance pay. But increasingly, that’s what it is used for. Today he heads a group at the North Carolina-based software firm SAS, which performs value-added analysis for North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and districts in about 15 other states. Most use it to measure schoolwide performance, but some are beginning to use value-added calculations to determine bonuses for individual teachers.
Teaching is an occupation known for low salary.
选项
答案
B
解析
根据题目中的known for,low salary定位到B段最后一句。题目中的an occupation对应该句中的a profession,该句提到教书是一个以薪水少地位低闻名的职业,题目意思与之相符,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AOa7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
CreativeDestructionofHigherEducationA)Highereducationisoneofthegreatsuccessesofthewelfarecountry.Whatwasonce
凡到过杭州的游客,肯定都在“白堤”(BaiCauseway)和“苏堤”(SuCauseway)这两条著名的长堤上面走过。据说,是曾在杭州担任地方官(localofficial)的中国古代著名诗人自居易和苏东坡分别主持修筑了这两道长堤。事实上,我们今天
中国象棋(Chinesechess)是一种古老的智力游戏,是中国宝贵的文化遗产(heritage)。它的起源与军事策略密切相关。在古代,下象棋也是一个文人必须掌握的技能之一。如今,象棋被当作是开发智力和培养专注力的有效途径,很多孩子从四五岁就开始学习下象
Peoplewholiveinheavilyindustrializedareasdonotgetasmuchsunlightastheyshould.Dust【C1】______overacityataltitud
AstrologyA)Astrologyisthestudyofhowthesun,themoon,planets,andstarsaresupposedlyrelatedtolifeandeventson
Mirages(海市蜃楼)areproducedbyrefraction(折射)oflightwithinalayerofair.Thislayerofairresists【C1】______up,eveninafair
InastepthatshouldhelpmaketheInternetsaferforconsumers,anti-virusgiantSymanteconWednesdaywillintroduceaprotec
"Ithurtsmemorethanyou",and"Thisisforyourowngood."Thesearethe【C1】______mymotherusedtomakeyearsagowhenIhad
A、Heenjoysitverymuch.B、Hefeelsitstressfulbuthewillcontinue.C、Heisconsideringtochangehisjob.D、Heisnotsatis
A、Hundredsofthousandsofcars.B、Thirtymillionoldcars.C、Onemillionjunkedcars.D、Fivemillioncarsaltogether.A数字计算题。根据
随机试题
下列属于求解不确定型决策的方法是()
决定陆地植物群落分布的两个最主要气候因子是()
气性坏疽的诊断依据是
初始环境评审的步骤包括:①基础资料的收集;②初步确定组织机构和职责;③根据方针、重要环境因素和有关法律法规制定目标、指标和管理方案;④制定环境因素识别和评价程序;⑤草拟环境方针。这些步骤的正确顺序应为( )。
某项工程为石油设备安装工程,包括土建基础与设备安装,业主分别与土建施工单订了承包合同,两个承包商都编制了相互协调的进度计划,进度计划也得的批准,在履行合同过程中,实际上遇到不少问题。问题:在执行合同中有以下一些问题,请指出如何处理:1)在施工召标文
建设单位应当自工程竣工验收合格之日起()日内,依照《房屋建筑工程和市政基础设施工程竣工验收备案管理暂行办法》的规定,向工程所在地的县级以上地方人民政府建设行政主管部门备案。
一般情况下,从业人员的着装要求是()。
为了拉近警民关系,某市公安局组织指挥(情报)中心、交警、消防等警种在中心市场开展了以“人民公安与您携手共创立体化110”和“110,守护您的平安”为主题的宣传活动。在宣传拨打110电话的注意事项时,下列说法有误的是()。(单选)
三心:两意
Whoisillinhospital?
最新回复
(
0
)