首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multina
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multina
admin
2021-08-05
33
问题
(1)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex affair. It has often been stated that no multinational corporation possesses the ultimate tax expertise. There are just too many countries and regions involved and thus a web of tax regulations. Therefore, in addition to having their own experts, MNCs rely heavily on local tax experts and legal counsel.
(2)Taxes have a very important impact on foreign direct investment decisions. Taxes will determine the financial structure of a subsidiary, and they will influence pricing decisions. They may also lead to the formation of holding companies. An MNC may decide to establish a branch rather than a subsidiary because of a given tax situation. The absence of a tax treaty between the country of a would-be investor and the nation where a foreign investment is to take place might lead to cancellation of investment plans. An unfavorable depreciation allowance may keep the foreign investor out. This unit will deal with the different tax systems in the world and their impact on an MNC’s global strategy.
(3)Basically, any tax system can be divided into direct and indirect taxes. Corporate and individual income taxes are direct; value-added taxes, sales taxes, and import duties are indirect taxes. Corporate income taxes(taxes levied on earnings)vary among the industrialized nations. France, the United States, Holland, Canada, and Germany have rates of around 50 percent; Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan have rates of between 36 and 40 percent.
(4)Less developed countries usually have lower corporate tax rates, in order to attract foreign investment. Thus, Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate. A corporate tax is levied on taxable earnings. Taxable earnings are more significant than the tax rate itself. They determine what can be deducted before the tax is computed; in other words, these items are tax deductible. Countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings. Some allow accelerated depreciation, whereby the asset(usually the plant or equipment)is written off at a substantially higher rate during the first years than in the later years. This allows for smaller taxable earnings in the early years. Other countries allow tax-free investment reserves. These are used at a later stage for investment in underdeveloped areas of countries or are sent when countries are in a recession.
(5)A recent type of tax that has won recognition in the European Common Market is value-added tax(VAT). This is a national sales tax levied at each stage of production to the value added during that stage. Generally, manufacturing goods, such as plant and equipment, have been exempted from this tax. In most cases, food items also have been exempted.
(6)Here is an example of how VAT works. A tree owner who sells part of a tree to a lumber mill for $1 must set aside ten cents VAT to pay to the government. The lumber mill processes the tree into building material and sells the wood for $3 to a lumber wholesaler. The mill adds $2 in value, and thus sets aside ten percent of the added value, or twenty cents, to pay to the government. And so the VAT continues until the final sale.
(7)The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. Profitable and unprofitable firms are taxed alike, as there is no possibility of tax deductions to determine taxable income. Further, VAT is easy to calculate and collect. But VAT is often accused of having contributed to serious inflation in countries where it was introduced, notably in Western Europe.
The sentence "Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate" in the fourth paragraph shows that _____.
选项
A、governments attach less importance to corporate tax rates
B、lower tax rates are set to attract more foreign investment
C、countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings
D、the two countries carry out lower tax rates than developed countries
答案
B
解析
第4段首句提到,欠发达国家为了吸引外资采用较低税率;随后举巴西和印尼为例说明这一点。B正好表达了原句的意思,故为正确答案。文中并未提及“政府不重视企业所得税”,排除A;C讲的是应纳税收入问题,也排除;D表述过于表面化,不能反映原句的深层含义,故也不选。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AUIK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
EuropeanimmigrantstoColonialAmericabroughtwiththemtheirculture,traditionsandphilosophyabouteducation.Manyof【S1】_
Thenewborncanseethedifferencebetweenvariousshapesandpatternsfrombirth.Hepreferspatternsfordullorbrightsolid
Predicatingthefutureisariskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,thattheglobalAIDsepidemicwillgetmuchwors
Whollyasidefromaestheticandmoralconsiderations,fashionisaneconomicabsurdity,andthereislittletobesaidinitsf
Towardtheendofthecentury,newspapersinWashingtonbegantocarrynationaladvertising,especiallyfrompatentmedicinecom
Secondlanguageteachingshouldfocusonencouragingacquisition,andonprovidinginputthatstimulatestheconscious【S1】______
(1)Afteralongdayattheoffice,manyofusfindourselvestakingoutourstressonfriends,children,orsignificantothers.
PASSAGETHREEWhydoesthenewsitcomTheLooparouseexecutives’interest?
A、Frenchcourse.B、Artisticactivities.C、Aninternship.D、Ajoboffer.BMissChen提到,她虽然并不后悔缩短大学时光,但她本应多花点时间在戏剧和音乐活动(dramatican
Anewsurveyshowsthatsocialnetworkshavebecomeahotbedofoffensivewordsandnamecalling.Issocialnetworkingmakingus
随机试题
女,18岁,特发性血小板减少性紫癜初诊病人,贫血貌,反复牙龈出血,两下肢紫癜,月经过多,肝脾未扪及。血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞10×109/L,血小板20×109/L。治疗8个月后,血小板升为30×109/L,仍有月经过多鼻出血牙龈出血症状,51Cr
微波对眼的主要危害是
妊高征患者发生抽搐时,首要的护理措施是
A.铝、镁剂与阿奇霉素口服制剂合用B.碳酸钙与噻嗪类利尿药合用C.碳酸钙与氧化镁联合应用D.西咪替丁与苯妥英钠合用E.H2受体拮抗药和硫糖铝合用联合用药使后者疗效有可能降低的是()
依《招标投标法》,下列哪个行为能使招标行为发生法律效力,一旦有一方违约,应承担违约责任?()
某城市污水处理工程的建筑安装工程费为2500万元,设备购置费为1100万元。依据《建设工程监理范围和规模标准规定》,该工程()。
下列关于我国贷款管理制度的说法,正确的有()。
下列各种财务决策方法中。可以用于确定最优资本结构且考虑了市场反映和风险因素的是()。
饥饿属于()
下列密钥英文简称对应错误的是__________。
最新回复
(
0
)