2. 外语
  3. Before 1978, China’s economy had a weak agricultural foundation, and the ratio between light and heavy industries was quite unba

Before 1978, China’s economy had a weak agricultural foundation, and the ratio between light and heavy industries was quite unba

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问题    Before 1978, China’s economy had a weak agricultural foundation, and the ratio between light and heavy industries was quite unbalanced. Since 1978, China has adopted a series of policies giving priority to the development of light industry, strengthening the construction of basic industry and facilities, and devoting major efforts to developing tertiary industry, so as to make China’s economic structure more coordinated, optimized and balanced. The relations among different industries and within industries in terms of proportion have clearly been improved. The proportion of primary industry has declined, while that of the secondary and tertiary industries has grown.
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答案 在1978年以前，中国经济中农业基础很差，轻工业和重工业的比例很不均衡。自1978年起，中国采取了一系列政策，优先考虑发展轻工业，加强基础工业和设备的建设，并且致力于发展第三产业(tertiary industry)，从而让中国的经济结构更加协调(coordinated)、优化(optimized)和平衡。不同产业之间以及产业内部的比例关系已经有了明显的改善。第一产业的比例下降了，而第二产业和第三产业的比例则上升了。
解析 1．第一句中，“农业基础”可译为agricultural foundation；“轻工业和重工业的比例很不均衡”可译为the ratio between light and heavy industries was quite unbalanced。
2．第二句中，“自……起”一般译为since，且后面的主句要用现在完成时；“采取了一系列政策”可译为has adopted a series of policies；“优先考虑……”“加强……”和“致力于……”均可译为现在分词结构作状语。
3．第三句中，“有了明显的改善”用被动语态结构，而且要用现在完成时，可译为have clearly been improved。
4．第四句中，“第二产业和第三产业的比例”可译为that of the secondary and tertiary industries，其中that替代前半句中提到过的proportion。
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