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  3. (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

(1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

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问题     (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" every day, you might enjoy life more.
    (2) Many people may think of gratitude as a "passive" gesture—you wait for something good, then feel grateful, said David DeSteno, a professor of psychology at Northeastern University. DeSteno studies the effects that thankfulness can have on people’s behavior.
    (3) But a growing body of research is suggesting the opposite is true, according to DeSteno. By choosing to feel gratitude, people can make positive changes in their lives. "Gratitude isn’t passive reflection. It’s active," DeSteno said. "And it’s not about the past. It’s there to help direct our behavior in the future. "
    (4) In experiments where he and his colleagues set people up to feel grateful, they found that thankfulness appeared to spur participants to act in more cooperative, less selfish ways. In one study, for example, people came to the lab to complete a computer task. At some point, certain participants’ computers were rigged to "crash". Luckily, a kind stranger who had just completed the same task (and was actually part of the research team) offered help and got the computer running again. Afterward, all of the study participants played a standard economic game where people have the opportunity to either act strictly in their own self-interest or in a more cooperative way.
    (5) In general, DeSteno’s team found, the study participants who had gotten help from a stranger during that first test were more likely to be cooperative during the next test. (A survey all of the participants took confirmed that those who’d received help were, in fact, feeling more grateful than their counterparts who’d had smooth sailing.) That’s one of a number of studies, DeSteno said, that suggest that gratitude helps guide behavior. It can encourage you to get more exercises, or to be more helpful to others (and not just that person you feel you "owe").
    (6) Some research has also found links between gratitude and better health, such as lower blood pressure and just feeling physically better. However, it’s not clear whether gratitude directly affects physical well-being.
    (7) At the University of California, Professor Naomi Eisenberger and her colleagues hope to zero in a bit more on the effects of gratitude. For six weeks, some study participants will spend time writing about things for which they are grateful. The rest will write about positive subjects, but won’t focus on gratitude.
    (8) According to Eisenberger, gratitude, based on studies like DeSteno’s, seems to enhance people’s ability to care for others. And in animals, Eisenberger noted, caregiving is linked to lesser reactivity in the face of a threat—mothers may feel less scared for themselves when a predator comes, and protect their babies instead.
    (9) Whatever the biological effects, plenty of research suggests that gratitude can change how you feel—even about those people who’ve been in your life for years, according to Sara Algoe, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina.
    (10) Her research has focused on the effects of gratitude in romantic relationships. In one study of 77 couples who’d been together for an average of four years, Algoe’s team had each partner think of something the other had done for them recently—no matter how small—and then thank him or her. Before that task, the couples completed a survey on their satisfaction with their relationship. Then they did it again six months later.
    (11) In general, the study saw a shift in people who felt their partner really meant that "thank you"—thinking, for example, that "my partner saw the ’real’ me. " Those men and women typically felt more satisfied with their relationship six months later. The findings, according to Algoe, highlight the importance of saying "thank you" even for those mundane things, from those people you see every day.
    (12) " Expressing gratitude well is a potent part of relationship satisfaction," Algoe said. "Sometimes we feel grateful, but we don’t say it. This research suggests it’s important to say it. And if someone offers you help, try accepting it instead of shunning it. See it as a gift. "
Which of the following statements about gratitude does Professor DeSteno most likely agree?
选项 A、It is passive and personal.
B、It can help one accomplish a task.
C、It can direct one’s future behavior.
D、It is about what help one gets from others.
答案C
解析 细节题。由题干中的gratitude和Professor DeSteno定位到原文第二至五段。第三段最后提到，德斯迪诺表示感恩与过去无关，它是在帮助指导我们未来的行为，故C为答案。第三段第三、四句表明，德斯迪诺认为感恩并非被动的反思，而是主动的，A与原文表述相反，故排除；原文并未提及感恩是否会帮助一个人完成任务，故排除B；第四段虽然提到德斯迪诺的研究团队通过提供帮助让实验参与者产生感激之情，但并未表明感恩是否与获得的帮助类型有关，故排除D。
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