2. 考研
  3. New global rules to prevent banks that are "too big to fail" from being bailed out by taxpayers have been proposed. The rules, c

New global rules to prevent banks that are "too big to fail" from being bailed out by taxpayers have been proposed. The rules, c

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问题 New global rules to prevent banks that are "too big to fail" from being bailed out by taxpayers have been proposed. The rules, created by the Financial Stability Board(FSB), a global monitoring body, would require big banks to hold much more money against losses. Mark Carney, FSB chairman and governor of the Bank of England, said the plans were a "watershed" moment. He said it had been "totally unfair" for taxpayers to bail out banks after the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009. " The banks and their shareholders and their creditors got the benefit when things went well," he told the BBC. " But when they went wrong the British public and subsequent generations picked up the bill—and that’s going to end. " Mr. Carney explained that the new system would ensure that bank shareholders, and lenders to banks such as bondholders, would become first in line to bear the brunt of future losses if banks could not pay out of their own resources.
Governments around the world spent hundreds of billions of pounds bailing out stricken banks during the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. At its peak in the UK alone, taxpayers’direct subsidy to banks stood at more than ￡ 1 trillion according to a recent report from the National Audit Office.
In the wake of the financial crisis, world leaders asked the FSB to come up with proposals to prevent similar bailouts from happening in the future. The proposed new rules, which are up for consultation, require "global systemically important banks" to hold a minimum amount of cash to ensure they will be able to survive big losses without turning to governments for help.
The capital set aside should be worth 15% -20% of the bank’s assets, the FSB said. That is a far bigger cushion against losses than is required by current banking rules. The FSB hopes this stronger policy will prevent taxpayers from being forced to pay billions of pounds again to stop big banks from collapsing, in the event of another financial crisis.
The FSB has published a list of 30 banks it regards as " systemically important," meaning their collapse could have a wider impact on global financial systems. The UK government spent around ￡65bn directly bailing out RBS and Lloyds during the crisis. The government still owns an 80% stake in RBS and 25% of Lloyds.
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答案 为防止“大而不倒”的银行利用纳税人纾困，全球性管理机构金融稳定委员会设立了新的全球性规定。新规定要求大银行持有更多的亏损应对资金。金融稳定委员会主席兼英格兰银行行长马克?卡尼称该计划预示着一个“分水岭”时刻的到来。他认为，2008一2009年金融危机后，由纳税人为银行纾困对他们是“完全不公平”的。“一切进展顺利时，获利者是银行及其股东与债权人，”卡尼对BBC记者说道，“金融环境恶化时，却由英国公众及后续几代人买单——这种情况将要结束。”卡尼解释，银行自身资源不足以支付债务时，新的体制将确保银行股东及债券持有者等借出方能够最先承担未来亏损。 2007—2008年金融危机期间，各国政府耗资数千亿英镑替受创银行纾困。英国国家审计署最近的报告显示，金融危机最严重时，仅是英国纳税人就直接向银行补贴了超过1万亿英镑。 金融危机后，各国领导人要求金融稳定委员会提出方案，防止未来发生类似的纾困情况。提出的新规定即将进入讨论环节。该规定要求“全球系统重要性银行”持有确保在巨额亏损下能够不依靠政府援助生存的最低额度现金。 金融稳定委员会表示，预留的资本额应占银行资产的15％～20％。较现行银行的规定，这一新规定下的资金缓冲额更大。金融稳定委员会希望在遭遇另一场金融危机时，该项强硬政策能够防止纳税人被迫再次支付数百万英镑使大型银行免于破产。 金融稳定委员会公布了一份包含30家具有“系统重要性”的银行的名单，这意味着这些银行的破产可能对全球金融系统产生更加广泛的影响。英国政府在此次金融危机中向苏格兰皇家银行和劳埃德银行直接提供了约650亿英镑的纾困援助。英国政府在这两家银行中仍分别持有80％和25％的股份。
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