首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2017-02-24
61
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’ s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’ s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.
选项
答案
I
解析
信息明示题。题干:身体内多余的脂肪,就像烟草里的化学物质,可能会导致炎症。题干关键词excess body fat,tobacco smoke和inflammation。文中I段提到,有人认为,体内多余的脂肪和烟草里的化学物质一样,会释放自由基,进而引起炎症。与题干意思吻合,故选I。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Axi7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Accordingtoahandfulofstudies,anamenotonlyrevealscluesaboutaperson’sclass,educationandethnicorigin,itcanalso
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.Thepercentageofoverweightchildrenhasmorethantrip
Babyfatissomethingchildrenaresupposedtooutgrow,notgrowinto.Thepercentageofoverweightchildrenhasmorethantrip
A、Colleagues.B、Husbandandwife.C、Employerandemployee.D、Motherandson.D女士问“你在电脑上干什么呢?你忘记你的承诺了吗?”男士回答说“我不是在玩游戏,我是在猜字谜;可以扩大
Departmentstoresarelargeretailstoressellingmanydifferentkindsofmerchandise【B1】______inseparatedepartments.Suchsto
1978年以来,中国的农业技术得到了很大的改善。中国引进了高产农作物,增加了农用化学品和农业机械的用量,扩大了灌溉面积。农村地区的耗电量增加了6倍多。近年来,中国在农业和食品工业研究方面取得了巨大进步。例如:早在20世纪90年代中期,就启动了一个大型国家生
随机试题
设A为n阶方阵,且A+E与A—E均可逆,则下列等式中不成立的是()
A.因虚致实B.寒证化热C.寒热错杂D.真寒假热长期小便淋漓不尽,下肢厥冷,气短。食少便溏,近日小便闭塞不通,小腹胀痛,舌淡脉弱,为
患儿男,1岁,因误吸花生米后呛咳3天入院,胸片发现右肺肺不张,听诊右肺呼吸音极低,临床考虑是右支气管异物可能,欲作支气管镜检查,应选择支气管镜的内径为
HLB值用于体现()
血栓闭塞性脉管炎的药物治疗,错误的是
甲涉嫌故意杀人被提起公诉,可能判处死刑。关于本案诉讼程序,下列哪一选项是正确的?(2007年试卷2第38题)
试述港口与航道工程大体积混凝土的定义和防裂措施。
利润计划轮盘是罗伯特·西蒙斯提出的一种基于企业战略的业绩绩效模式,其构成为利润轮盘,现金轮盘和()。
阅读下面材料,回答问题。教学设计一:在教学生求平行四边形的面积时,教师讲授如下:连接AC,因为三角形ABC与三角形CDA的三边分别相等,所以,这两个三角形全等,三角形ABC的面积等于1/2底乘高,所以,平行四边形ABCD的面积等于底乘高,命题得到证明
A、ItisadvocatedbytheAmericanlinguistWilliamLabov.B、Itconnectswithsimplificationofsounds.C、Peopleallowedtheonce
最新回复
(
0
)