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  3. You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list

You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list

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问题 You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points)

    "Hey, do you want some?" your friend asks as he offers you a mouthwatering homemade brownie. You’re tempted by the delicious dessert, but then you see the crashed peanuts on top. Darn! You’re allergic to peanuts. Maybe just one little bite can make you sick!
    (41) What is a food allergy?
    Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Normally, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.
    (42) What’s a reaction like?
    The histamine then causes symptoms that affect a person’s eyes, nose, throat, respiratory system, skin, and digestive system. A person with a food allergy could have a mild reaction—or it could be more severe. An allergic reaction could happen right away or a few hours after the person eats it. Some of the first signs that a person may be having an allergic reaction could be a runny nose, an itchy skin rash such as hives, or a tingling in the tongue or lips.
    (43) How do you know "lf you have one"?
    Sometimes it’s easy to figure out that a person has a food allergy. He or she might get hives or have other problems after eating it’. But other times, it’s more of a mystery what’s causing the problem. Most foods have more than one ingredient, so if you have shrimp with peanut sauce, what’s causing the allergy-the peanut sauce or the shrimp?
    (44) What will the doctor do?
    If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions, such as eczema or asthma.
    The doctor will make a little scratch on your skin and drop a little of the liquid extract on the scratched spot or spots. Different extracts will go on the different scratch spots, so the doctor can see how your skin reacts to each substance. ’If you get a reddish, raised spot, it shows that you are allergic to that food or substance.
    Some doctors may also take a blood sample and send it to a lab. That’s where it will be mixed with some of the food or substance you may he allergic to and checked for certain antibodies.
    (45) How are food allergies treated / avoided?
    There is no special medicine for food allergies. Some can be outgrown, and others will have his or her whole life. The best treatment is simply to avoid the food itself and any foods or drinks that contain the food.
    Have a plan.
    No matter how hard you try, you may eat the wrong thing by accident. Stay calm and follow your emergency plan. What’s an emergency plan? Before a slipup happens, it’s a good idea to create a plan with your doctor. The plan should spell out what to do, and which medicines to take, if you have a reaction.

A. One way to figure that out is to read food labels. Doctors and allergy organizations also can help by providing lists of safe foods and unsafe foods. Some people who are very sensitive may need to avoid foods just because they are made in the same factory that also makes their problem food. You may have seen some candy wrappers that say the candy was made in a factory that processes nuts, too.
B. But what if something you really like turns out to be on your "do not eat" eat? Today, so many people have food allergies that companies have created lots of good substitutes for favorite foods—everything from dairy—free mashed potatoes to wheat—free chocolate chunk cookies!
C. Doctors believe that allergies could be hereditary, which means if your parent or other close relative has certain allergies like hay fever, you’re more likely to develop the allergies.
D. The same sort of thing happens with any allergy, whether it’s a medicine (like penicillin), pollen in the air (from flowers and trees), or a food, like peanuts. So the thing itself isn’t harmful, but the way your body reacts to it is.
E. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble. The allergist will use a liquid extract of the food and, possibly, other common allergy—causing foods to see if you react to any of them. (A liquid extract is a liquid version of something that usually isn’t liquid.)
F. In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis. This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart, and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes narrow, and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.

选项
答案C
解析 该部分讲述的是判断你是否是食物过敏者的方法。C选项指出过敏具有遗传性。如果你父母或近亲有过敏反应，你很可能也有过敏反应。这从侧面说明了解家族史也是判断你是否是过敏者的方法。
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