首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
A Very Special Dog A)It is 8:15 a.m. A flight lands at Melbourne’s Tullamarine International Airport. Several hundred pieces of
A Very Special Dog A)It is 8:15 a.m. A flight lands at Melbourne’s Tullamarine International Airport. Several hundred pieces of
admin
2020-06-08
21
问题
A Very Special Dog
A)It is 8:15 a.m. A flight lands at Melbourne’s Tullamarine International Airport. Several hundred pieces of baggage are rushed from the plane onto a conveyor belt in the baggage reclaim annexe. Over the sound of roaring engines, rushing air vents and grinding generators, a dog barks. Florence, a sleek black labrador, wags her tail.
B)Among the cavalcade of luggage passing beneath Florence’ s all-smelling nose, is a nondescript hardback suitcase. Inside the case, within styrofoam casing, packed in loose pepper and coffee, wrapped in freezer paper and heat-sealed in plastic, are 18 kilograms of hashish.
C)The cleverly concealed drugs don’t fool super-sniffer Florence, and her persistent scratching at the case alerts her handler. Florence is one of a truly new breed: the product of what is perhaps the only project in the world dedicated to breeding dogs solely to detect drugs. Ordinary dogs have a 0.1% chance of making it in drug detection. The new breeding programme, run by the Australian Customs, is so successful that more than 50% of its dogs make the grade.
D)And what began as a wholly practical exercise in keeping illegal drugs out of Australia may end up playing a role in an entirely different sphere—the comparatively esoteric world of neurobiology. It turns out that it’ s not Florence’ s nose that makes her a top drug dog, but her unswerving concentration, plus a few other essential traits.
E)Florence could help neurobiologists to understand both what they call "attention processing", the brain mechanisms that determine what a person pays attention to and for how long, and its flip side, problems such as Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD). As many as 3 to 5% of children are thought to suffer from the condition in the US, where the incidence is highest, although diagnosis is often controversial.
F)The Australian Customs has used dogs to find drugs since 1969. Traditionally, the animals came from pounds and private breeders. But, in 1993, fed up with the poor success rate of finding good dogs this way, John Vandeloo, senior instructor with the Detector Dog Unit, joined forces with Kath Champness, then a doctoral student at the University of Melbourne, and set up a breeding programme.
G)Champness began by defining six essential traits that make a detector dog. First, every good detector dog must love praise because this is the only tool trainers have at their disposal, but the dog must still be able to work for long periods without it.
H)Then it needs a strong hunting instinct and the stamina to keep sniffing at the taxing rate of around 300 times per minute. The ideal detector is also fearless enough to deal with jam-packed airport crowds and the roaring engine rooms of cargo ships.
I)The remaining two traits are closely related and cognitive in nature. A good detector must be capable of focusing on the task of searching for drugs, despite the distractions in any airport or dockside. This is what neurobiologists call "selective attention". And finally, with potentially tens of thousands of hiding places for drugs, the dog must persevere and maintain focus for hours at a time. Neurobiologists call this "sustained attention".
J)Vandeloo and Champness assess the dogs’ abilities to concentrate by marking them on a scale of between one and five according to how well they remain focused on a toy tossed into a patch of grass.
K)Ivan scores a feeble one. He follows the toy, gets half-way there, then becomes distracted by places where the other dogs have been or by flowers in the paddock. Rowena, on the other hand, has phenomenal concentration; some might even consider her obsessive. When Vandeloo tosses the toy, nothing can distract her from the searching, not other dogs, not food. And even if no one is around to encourage her, she keeps looking just the same. Rowena gets a five.
L)A person’s ability to pay attention, like a dog’s, depends on a number of overlapping cognitive behaviours, including memory and learning—the neurobiologist’ s attention processing.
M)Attention in humans can be tested by asking subjects to spot colours on a screen while ignoring shapes, or to spot sounds while ignoring visual cues, or to take a ’vigilance test’. Sitting a vigilance test is like being a military radar operator. Blips appear on a cluttered monitor infrequently and at irregular intervals. Rapid detection of all blips earns a high score. Five minutes into the test, one in ten subjects will start to miss the majority of the blips, one in ten will still be able to spot nearly all of them and the rest will come somewhere in between.
N)Vigilance tasks provide signals that are infrequent and unpredictable—which is exactly what is expected of the dogs when they are asked to notice just a few odour molecules in the air, and then to home in on the source. During a routine mail screen that can take hours, the dogs stay so focused that not even a postcard lined with 0.5 grams of heroin and hidden in a bulging sack of letters escapes detection.
O)With the current interest in attentional processing, as well as human conditions that have an attention deficit component, such as ADHD, it is predicted that it is only a matter of time before the super-sniffer dogs attract the attention of neurobiologists trying to cure these conditions.
The previous way of finding qualified dogs has been proved to be lack of efficiency.
选项
答案
F
解析
题干意为,过去找寻合格狗的方法被证实缺乏效率。原文F段第二、三句“Traditionally,the animals came from pounds and private breeders.But,in 1993,fed upwith the poor success rate offinding good dogs this way…”意思是,传统上这些动物都是从走失犬管理处或者私人养狗那而来。但这种方法找到优秀狗的成功率很低……题干“previous”对应“traditionally”,“lack of efficiency”与“poor success rate”为近义替换。故选F。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/B9P7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywantt
A、Twenty-fourcredits.B、Twelvecredits.C、ThreeCredits.D、Thirty-sixcredits.D对话中女士说,(要取得硕士学位)需要36个学分。故选D。
A、Aliteratureprofessor.B、Anacademicadvisor.C、DeanoftheEnglishDepartment.D、ADoctorofAppliedLinguistics.B在对话开头,女士说
Throughouthistorymanhasobservedsuchnaturalcyclesastherisingandsettingofthesun,theebbandflowoftheoceantide
Throughouthistorymanhasobservedsuchnaturalcyclesastherisingandsettingofthesun,theebbandflowoftheoceantide
A、Darkerskinnedpeople.B、lighterskinnedpeople.C、Theoldagedpeople.D、Peoplelivinginthenorth.B短文提到,深色皮肤的人比浅色皮肤的人产生的维生
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalismisthebestandworstofsystems.Lefttoitself,itwillemb
A、TheUnitedStatesCopyrightOfficecreatedit.B、Itdoesnotprotectartists’techniquesandprocedures.C、Ithasnotbeencha
A、Languagespeopleuseininternationalcommunication.B、ThepopularityofEnglishasaworldlanguage.C、ThedevelopmentofEng
随机试题
按照下列要求完成给定数据的工资奖金计算以及工资条的制作:在工作表“年终奖金”中,根据工作表“个人所得税税率”中的对应关系计算每个员工年终奖金应交的个人所得税、实发奖金,并填入G列和H列。年终奖金目前的计税方法是:①年终奖金的月应税所得额=全部
患儿,4岁,因玩耍鞭炮炸伤左眼角膜拟急诊全麻下行角膜移植术。该患儿手术部位用何种消毒液
A.理解尊重,平等相待B.勇担风险,团结协作C.节约费用,公正分配D.全面系统,认真细致E.尊重隐私,心正无私在进行药物治疗时,医师应遵循的伦理要求是
某房地产开发公司A拟在某市原属于甲单位划拨土地上进行开发建设一住宅小区。其开发方案一部分建成住宅用于原单位拆迁户回迁,一部分建造商品住宅向社会出售。A公司在开发项目建设过程中需融资。并在开发项目建设过程中,委托中介机构作为住宅项目的销售代理,预售其在建住宅
风险具有()特征。
根据下列给定材料,结合相关法律规定,回答问题。魏某意图抢劫,他得知邻居余某会开车,就怂恿教唆余某与他一起抢劫。几天后,魏某看好目标后又找来身材高大的王某,密谋抢劫计划。魏某让余某负责望风,王某尾随一妇女身后,在她准备上车时,魏某从后面捂住妇女的嘴
《中华人民共和国()》已由中华人民共和国第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议于2021年12月24日通过,现予公布,自2022年6月5目起施行。该法的施行,将更好地满足人民群众日益增长的和谐安宁环境需要。
内置计算函数Avg的功能是()。
Clearly,hedoesn’thaveaplan,______hewouldhavesaidsomething.
HowExecutivesDealwiththeJoblessTime?Althoughtheeconomyhasimproved,ajoblessexecutivemayhavetofaceuptoay
最新回复
(
0
)