首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2012-11-11
91
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) .
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
(13) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) . But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
选项
A、reassuming
B、discussing
C、reasoning
D、demonstrating
答案
C
解析
本题测试搭配。reassume意为“再设想,再假定”;discuss意为“探讨,讨论”;reason意为“推论,推理”,指用逻辑思维来决定或推论;demonstrate意为“论证,证明”,指通过实验、例子或实际应用来解释并说明。deductive reasoning是习惯搭配,意思是“演绎推理”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BAe4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Theauthorthinksthatpullfactors______.Peoplemovingwithincountrybordersareoftenmotivatedbythedesireto______.
Immediatesolutionshouldbe______tosavethepeoplefromthefloodthathassweptsouthernChinathissummer.
WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmerica’seconomicsituation?Howdoesmonetarypolicyofferhelpforweakeconomica
Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,Beauti
WithanotherdramaticfireworksdisplaySundayeveningattheNationalStadiumhere,theBeijingOlympicscametoadazzlingclo
WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerlead
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertising
Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964.Butappear
随机试题
贯彻“三个代表"重要思想,必须( )
A.逍遥散B.一贯煎C.天台乌药散D.暖肝煎E.当归四逆汤
某中外合资经营企业注册资本为400万美元,合同约定分两次投入,约定折算汇率为1美元=6.50元人民币。中、外投资者分别于2016年1月1日和3月1日投入300万美元和100万美元。2016年1月1日、3月1日、3月31日和12月31日美元对人民币的汇率分别
大肠主要吸收()。
如果|cosx|=cos(π-x),那么x的取值范围是()。
设函数f(t)在(0,+∞)内具有二阶连续导数,函数z=满足=0,若f(1)=0,f’(1)=1,求f(x).
若x、y和z均是int型变量,则执行下面表达式后的x值为【】。x=(y=4)+(z=3)
曼谷是一【155】美丽的水上城市。18世纪下半叶,泰国国王拉玛一世初建曼谷,19世纪末期,曼谷就被称为“东方威尼斯”。泰国最大的河流湄南河流【156】曼谷,市内河道纵横,运河密如蛛网,河面上各种船【157】来往穿梭,并拥有一整套水上交通规则。曼谷市90%以
Asia’sEconomyI.EconomyofChinaII.EconomyofSouthKorea1.(1)______ofSouthKorea’sEconomy1960,incomeperheadonapa
Mytopicishandedness—whetherindifferentsportsitisbettertobeleftorright-sidedorwhetheramorebalancedapproachis
最新回复
(
0
)