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  3. Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any bia

Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any bia

admin2014-01-13  31
问题     Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
    In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
    How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?
选项 A、They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B、The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C、The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D、They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
答案A
解析 根据文章第二段前三句“In conducting research on culture and ethnic minorityissues，investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach．In the emicapproach，the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that aremeaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group，without regard to other cultures orethnic groups．In the etic approach，the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can bemade across cultures．”可知，在研究文化与少数民族问题的过程中，研究人员采用两种不同的方法，即主位研究和客位研究。主位研究的目标在于使用所研究文化与少数民族的术语来描述一种文化或民族的行为而不考虑其他文化与民族。客位研究的目标是描述行为以便于概括所有文化的共性。换言之，他们的着力点不同。据此判断，答案是A。
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