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  3. Computer-assisted technological innovation and breakthroughs in drilling are revolutionizing the energy landscape, creating grea

Computer-assisted technological innovation and breakthroughs in drilling are revolutionizing the energy landscape, creating grea

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问题    Computer-assisted technological innovation and breakthroughs in drilling are revolutionizing the energy landscape, creating greater uncertainty about the future trends for oil use. These new dynamics are prompting major oil producers to reconsider the commercial value of their assets, potentially changing the long-term outlook for oil prices. A shift in investment and production strategy by major oil-producing countries and large multinational companies to avoid the risk of stranded assets would have significant implications on energy markets. 【F1】A declining long-term oil price might imply that energy and climate scientists and policymakers should revisit the road map of the optimum policies to promote the transition to lower carbon energy and to defend technology gains already achieved.
   【F2】The concept that not all of the world’s remaining fossil fuel resources should be extracted came to prominence more than a decade ago as a theoretical imperative for addressing climate change. Seven years later, it was asserted that to hold global temperatures to a 2°C rise would require that less than half of the world’s proven reserves of fossil fuels should be emitted between 2007 and 2050. 【F3】This analysis implied that an effective global climate accord, such as that reached in Paris last year, would ultimately result in some fossil fuel reserves becoming "unburnable", leading to a loss in value for entities that own them.
   However, stranded oil reserves could occur irrespective of an effective global climate accord, though more slowly. Transformational advances in oil and gas exploration and production technologies are making production from extensive unconventional resources cheaper, faster and easier, opening the possibility that future oil scarcity could give way to long-range oil supply abundance. The chances of oil abundance could be magnified by significant demand reductions that might come from similarly revolutionary advances in artificial intelligence, the internet of things and automation, among other technological breakthroughs. 【F4】Such breakthroughs are increasingly decoupling energy use from economic growth across the globe via improved efficiency and productivity, with less correlation to relative energy prices.
   Last year, it was estimated that unburnable reserves would be geographically broken down based on economic, technical and geographic factors. 【F5】Much of Canada’s oil sands reserves, Arctic oil resources and upwards of 260 billion barrels of Middle East reserves are most likely to become stranded, while natural gas resources in North America would benefit from being close to end-use markets, and might play a big role in reducing CO2 emissions. In other words, in economic and geopolitical terms, the oil and gas world would have winners and losers.
【F5】
选项
答案加拿大大部分的油砂储量、北极地区的石油资源以及中东超过2600亿桶石油储量极有可能成为搁浅性化石燃料储备，而北美洲的天然气资源则会因为靠近终端市场而受益，并可能在降低二氧化碳排放量方面大有作为。
解析 ①本句为包含while引导的让步状语从句的复合句，主句时态为一般现在时，从句为将来时。②while在句中作转折连词，意为“然而，而”，引导让步状语从句，与主句形成对比关系。
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