首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India
admin
2015-09-30
98
问题
Recently anti patent arguments have been advanced with regards to HIV and AIDS drugs. Governments and companies in Brazil, India, Thailand and Uganda have started to challenge patents monopolies on medicine, arguing that human lives are more important than patents, copyright, international trade laws, and the economic interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Anti-retroviral therapy has long been unaffordable for people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developing countries, and proponents of generic antiviral drugs argue that the human need justifies the breach of patent law. When the Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organization started producing generic antiviral drugs in March 2002 the cost of a monthly treatment for one person plummeted from $ 500- $ 750 to $ 30, hence making treatment more affordable. In response the US government placed Thailand on the list of "copyright violators" despite the fact that the production of antiviral drugs is not subject to copyright, even in the United States. In 2007 the government of Brazil declared Merck’s efavirenz anti-retroviral drug a "public interest" medicine, and challenged Merck to negotiate lower prices with the government or have Brazil strip the patent by issuing a compulsory license.
It is reported that Ghana, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia have similar plans to produce generic antiviral drugs. Western pharmaceutical companies initially responded with legal challenges, but some have now promised to introduce alternative pricing structures for developing countries and NGOs.
Campaigns for affordable access to medicines, such as Oxfam, argue that developing countries are dependent on foreign pharmaceutical companies. Quoting a recent World Health Organisation report, Trevor Jones argues that patent monopolies do not create monopoly pricing. He argues that the companies given monopolies "set prices largely on the willingness/ability to pay, also taking into account the country, disease and regulation" instead of receiving competition from legalized generics.
Under World Trade Organization(WTO)rules, a developing country has options for obtaining needed medications under compulsory licensing or importation of cheaper versions of the drugs, even before patent expiration. In July 2008 Nobel Prize-winning scientist Sir John Sulston criticised the "moral corruption" of the medical industry. Amongst others Sulston said that the world is at a crisis point in terms of getting medicines to sick people, particularly in the developing world, Sulston called for an international biomedical treaty to clear up issues over patents.
In response to these criticisms against pharmaceutical patents it has been pointed out that less than 5% of medicines on the WHO’s essential drugs list are subject to patent monopoly and that countries who believe that these monopolies are impeding health care may not be aware that the medicines in question, particularly for HIV/AIDS related drugs, are not patented in their country.
The author argues that pharmaceutical patents______.
选项
A、disallow poor people to use existing creations
B、impede health care not so seriously as supposed
C、provide necessary incentives for future inventions
D、prevent others from making and selling cheap drugs
答案
B
解析
根据最后一段可知,WTO基本药物目录中受专利保护的药物不到5%,特别是与治疗艾滋病相关的药物在贫穷国家并不受专利保护。所以,B应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BWzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomforttotheirfellows.(1)_____,medicalauthorit
Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomforttotheirfellows.(1)_____,medicalauthorit
Ithasbeennecessarytoreferrepeatedlytotheeffectsofthetwoworldwarsinpromotingallkindofinnovation.Itshouldbe
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、
Bilingualism,ofcourse,canbealegupforcollegeadmissionandaresumepolisher.Butagrowingbodyofresearchnowoffers
Advancesincomputersanddatanetworksinspirevisionsofafuture"informationeconomy"inwhicheveryonewillhave(1)_____t
Advancesincomputersanddatanetworksinspirevisionsofafuture"informationeconomy"inwhicheveryonewillhave(1)_____t
IncomeinequalityintheUnitedStateremainedrelativelystableforaperiodofnearlyfortyyears.Beginninginthe1970’s,ho
ReduceWaste-FoodExpertsinthefoodindustryarethinkingalotabouttrashthesedays.Restaurants,colleges,hospitalsa
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublic,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceof
随机试题
下列可以引起功能失调性子宫出血的原因,应除外
病人常侧耳倾听,称室外有人讲他坏话,并常向窗外说:"我要和你们辩论"等。该症状最可能是
[1997年第067题]关于民用建筑的耐火等级、层数、长度和面积的规定,下列哪一条有误?
在建筑给水系统中一般采用()。
账务处理系统在()未达到检验平衡之前,系统应拒绝进入下一步工作步骤。
有一家经营家电的公司,近年来经营业绩良好,利润逐年稳定增长,但由于公司经理太古板,等级观念强,让人感到压抑。今年7月,销售部的10名销售员集体提出辞职。销售部员工辞职,公司付出的隐含成本包括()。
无效民事行为被确认后,则应该()。
老姜是一家工厂的工人。近期工厂进行改革,精简人员,老姜下岗了。老姜的妻子在制药厂工作,就在老姜下岗后不久,妻子因为所在的制药厂破产也面临着失业。妻子的身体有残疾,很难再找到工作,女儿正在外地读大学,费用很高,家庭生活越来越困难。老姜也曾尝试去找过工作,但他
计算机的外围设备是指()。
A、Fixinganengine.B、Repairingacar.C、Cashingacheck.D、Buyingsomewheels.BM:Haveyoufoundthetroublewiththecaryet?
最新回复
(
0
)