首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The term "formal learning" is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whe
The term "formal learning" is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whe
admin
2008-12-13
64
问题
The term "formal learning" is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies. "Informal learning", on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.
These definitions provide the essential, though by no means sole, difference between formal and informal learning. Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and, indeed, as Scribner and Cole (1973: 553) have observed, may actually "promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life". A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities that are not closely paralleled by activities outside the classroom. The classroom can prepare for, draw on, and imitate the challenges of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.
In doing this, language plays a critical role as the major channel for information exchange. "Success" in the classroom requires a student to master this abstract code. As Bernstein (1969: 152)noted, the language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used by working-class families. Middle-class children thus find it easier to acquire the language of the classroom than their working-class peers.
Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant. In this context, language does not occupy such an important role, the child’s experience of learning is more holistic, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell— senses that are under-utilised in the classroom.
While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child’s development. Adults or older children who are proficient in the skill or activity provide—sometimes unintentionally—target models of behaviour in the course of everyday activity. Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and is not subject to the limitations imposed by institutional timetabling.
The motivation of the learner provides another critical difference between the two modes of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and potential financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial acquisition of adult status.
选项
A、Differences between modes of learning.
B、Deficiencies of formal learning.
C、Advantages of informal learning.
D、Social context and learning systems.
答案
A
解析
此题为快速浏览题。据第2、6段的主题句、文章的结构以及诸如in contrast,while等提示对比的表达可知。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BiSO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
InterpretthefollowingpassagesfromEnglishintoChinese.Startinterpretingatthesignalandstopatthesignal.Youmaytak
InterpretthefollowingpassagesfromEnglishintoChinese.Startinterpretingatthesignalandstopatthesignal.Youmaytak
InterpretthefollowingpassagesfromEnglishintoChinese.Startinterpretingatthesignalandstopatthesignal.Youmaytak
InterpretthefollowingpassagesfromEnglishintoChinese.Startinterpretingatthesignalandstopatthesignal.Youmaytak
JohnCiardigothismaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofMichiganin1939andhaspublishedmorethan40poems.
TheAlaskaGovernorhastakenthefollowingstepsinresponsetothePrudhoeBayoilfieldshutdownEXCEPT.
ThecitywaterpipesinRomewereusuallyofbakedclayorlead;copperwassometimesusedandalsohollowedstone.Forthelarg
A、Allthecommitteemembersexceptthechairmanwereagainsttheproposal.B、Nobodywantedtoputforwardaproposaltoopenas
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,
随机试题
下列各项中,关于各序列资质的企业说法不正确的是()。
甲公司有A、B两幅土地的建设用地使用权。现甲公司将A幅建设用地的使用权转让给乙公司,将B幅建设用地上的住宅卖给丙公司并办理了过户登记。则下列财产或者权利应当实行权属一并移转的有()。
采暖性能试验的目的是什么?
若变压器一次电压低于额定电压,则不论负载如何,它的输出功率一定低于额定功率,温升也必然小于额定温升。()
新产品工业设计的方法有()
治疗肝经湿热型老年性阴道炎,应首选的方剂是
肾脏出现不规则疤痕颗粒性固缩肾
某小区一住宅电梯检验有效期截至2012年11月8日,该小区物业管理公司应于2012年10月8日前向相应的()申报定期检验。
短期最优污染水平是指()。
Heisa(n)______andwell-behavedchild,buthisparentsworryabouthimforhetalkstoolittle.
最新回复
(
0
)