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  3. It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

admin2015-03-25  75
问题     It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering the consequences. But the reality of who takes risks is actually a bit more complicated, according to the authors of a new paper which will be published in the August issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Adolescents can be as cool-headed as anyone, and in some realms, women take more risks than men.
    A lot of what psychologists know about risk-taking comes from lab studies where people are asked to choose between a guaranteed amount of money or a gamble for a larger amount. But that kind of decision isn’t the same as deciding whether you’re going to speed on the way home from work, or go bungee jumping. Research in the last 10 years or so has found that the way people choose to take risks in one domain doesn’t necessarily hold in other domains.
    " The typical view is that women take less risks than men, that it starts early in childhood, in all cultures, and so on," says Bernd Figner of Columbia University and the University of Amsterdam, who cowrote the paper with Elke Weber of Columbia University. The truth is more complicated. Men are willing to take more risks in finances. But women take more social risks—a category that includes things like starting a new career in your mid-thirties or speaking your mind about an unpopular issue in a meeting at work.
    It seems that this difference is because men and women perceive risks differently. That difference in perception may be partly because of how familiar they are with different situations, Figner says. "If you have more experience with a risky situation, you may perceive it as less risky. " Differences in how boys and girls encounter the world as they’re growing up may make them more comfortable with different kinds of risks.
    Adolescents are known for risky behavior. But in lab tests, when they’re called on to think coolly about a situation, psychological scientists have found that adolescents are just as cautious as adults and children. The difference between the lab and the real world, Figner says, is partly the extent to which they involve emotion. In an experiment where adolescents’ emotions got triggered strongly, they looked very different from children and adults and took bigger risks, just as observed in real world settings.
    "Ultimately we would like to provide knowledge with our research that people can use to make decisions that are more beneficial for them in the long term," Figner says. The goal isn’t to avoid risk, of course—stepping out the front door in the morning increases your chance of getting run over by a bus. But by understanding when and how people decide to take risks, he hopes to help people make risky decisions that they won’t regret, either immediately after they have made them, or years later.
What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
选项 A、Adolescents are always blindly imprudent in their action.
B、Men take more risks than women in their growing-up period.
C、People act differently upon risks in various domains.
D、People seldom regret their risky decisions after being made.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。第二段第三句提到，过去十年的研究表明，选择在一个领域冒险的人并不一定在其他领域敢于冒险；而且由整篇文章的论述可知，冒险受到感知、成长经历和对风险的熟悉程度等多方面的影响，即情况不同时人们的反应也不同，故[C]符合文意。由第五段可知，青年人在没有受到情感激发时是可以保持头脑冷静的，[A]过于绝对；第三段第一句提到人们普遍认为男人天生比女人爱冒险，但这一观点只是传统说法，并不是本文结论，故[B]与文意不符；文章最后一段指出该报告可以让人们做出冒险决定后不再后悔，可推知人们会后悔一些决定，故[D]与文意不符。
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