2. 外语
  3. •Read the following article about advertising. •For each question 15- 20,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet for

•Read the following article about advertising. •For each question 15- 20,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet for

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问题 •Read the following article about advertising.
•For each question 15- 20,mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you
                                                   Advertising
The primary function of advertising is to communicate marketing objectives to selected target audience. It is used to accomplish a number of tasks, using different media vehicles, reaching diverse audience, and gaining interest with a number of creative approaches. However, despite the seemingly endless channels for utilizing advertising, it is basically a marketing communication too. When we examine an- successful advertising campaigns, we often find that advertising was used to accomplish inappropriate tasks. Successful advertising must be oriented to specific objectives. Before we can determine advertising objectives, it is advisable to distinguish between marketing and advertising goals. Effective advertising is an extension of the basic marketing plans and is derived from it. However, advertising goals are not the same as marketing goals. The marketing staff sets the marketing goals or objectives. The marketing department decides how to allocate resources to various tasks, including advertising. It also determines how these resources will be distributed to specific target markets and what sales objective can be expected over time and geography.
Examples of marketing objectives are
1. Attaining a market share increase from 2 percent of industry sales to 4 percent within 18 months.
2. Increasing distribution by number of retail outlets and/or geographical regions: If a product is currently available to 50% of the population or can be found in 50% of retail outlets, a marketing goal might be set to increase this figure to 60 percent by the end of the year.
3. Increasing total sales. Coals troy ha set in either number or units sold or traits sold ca: dollar volume of sales. Advertising goals are communication objectives designed to reach the target audience with the appropriate message. Ad goals are based on marketing objectives, but they are not the same as marketing goals. Advertising objectives might include
1. Increasing brand awareness from 20 percent to 30 percent among 18-to-34-year-old women within one year.
2. Increasing recall of brand advertising by 10 percent in the next three months.
3. Increasing favorable product attitudes by 10 percent in the next year.
Note that advertising goals are based on improving communication and consumer attitudes toward a product. It is interesting to note that a survey indicated that a majority of companies wanted to measure advertising success based on sales. Obviously, even sophisticated corporations often confuse marketing and advertising goals.
Advertising is the communication arm of the marketing process. It is a method of delivering a message from a sponsor, through a formal communication channel, to a desired audience. Advertising has many roles. It is designed to dispose a person to buy a product, to change minds, or even to advocate leas con- starting ("demarketing"). It may be used to help elect a candidate, raise money for charity, or support a cause. Must advertising, however, is for the marketing of goods and services.
Advertising is also part of the everyday culture of virtually every American. It is estimated that the average person sees or hears as many as 1,200 ads and commercials each day. Advertising is part of the social, cultural, and business environment, it mirrors this environment and also brings about subtle changes in the behavior of the public that uses it. It is no wonder that advertising is one of the most scrutinized of all business enterprises.
Today, advertising is functioning in a changing economic and social climate. Advertisers are viewed in many ways by the publics they serve, Manufacturers are asking for more tangible evidence of advertising’s role in the selling process, and the media are constantly seeking higher advertising rates to cover spiraling expenses. At the same time, the audiences that advertisers seek are becoming even more fragmented. Consumers, despite their seeming fascination with advertising’s creative process, tend to ha- come more cynical and disbelieving about its claims.  
According to the text, success or failure of advertising is judged by
选项 A、the number of products sold.
B、increase of a product’s market share.
C、the improvement of communication and consumers’ attitude toward products.
D、increase of retail outlets.
答案C
解析
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