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  3. In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people

In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people

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问题     In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people on both aircraft. At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster. Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel, overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.
    That crash led to the creation of a new body, which became the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in charge of running and modernizing the world’s biggest air-transport system. With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand, Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatize America’s air-traffic control service. This week the president outlined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees, instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants. Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility, the FAA would become a safety body.
    America’s air-traffic system is vast, consisting of 14000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings, as well as in 21 "enroute" centres looking after flights along the nation’s airways. It has a good safety record, but elderly technology limits the number of flights that can be handled. This leads to delays and frustrated flyers. With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost by 2026, the problem will only get worse.
    Mr. Trump believes that, no longer mired in a federal bureaucracy, the air-traffic service will become more efficient and better able to invest in technology. Many countries, including Australia, Britain and Canada, have privatized air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms. Nav Canada, a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace, has costs per flight hour of $ 340 compared with the FAA’s $ 450.
    Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority. Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together, which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time. Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft’s identification sign, its position and course. This would allow "free routing", which means pilots can fly directly to a destination, rather than {ollow established airways, which often zigzag around.
    The president’s proposal might even speed a move towards "virtual" control towers in low-rise buildings, which can replace towers physically located at airports. The virtual versions are fed live video from airfield cameras. Proponents argue that they are both safer and around 30% cheaper to operate. Virtual towers can look after more than one airport. One in Norway is set to supervise 32 airports, some of them in remote areas.
    The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some $ lObn a year. It also, optimistically perhaps, predicts that on average aircraft will land within one minute of their scheduled arrival time. That would count as a miraculous improvement for anyone, let alone America’s weary airport warriors.
    Mr. Trump, though, may struggle to get the proposal through Congress. A similar plan got stuck last year, despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers’ union. At least the president can dodge the queues: Air Force One flights get special clearance.

选项
答案B
解析 根据题干定位至第二段。该段第三句指出，总统概述了一项计划，以期将航空交通管制转变为由使用费资助的非营利独立机构，而不再像现在这样依靠税收和拨款。故答案选B。outline a plan与intended之意相同、turn…into与transform…into之意相同、separate与independent之意相同，属于同义替换。
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