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  3. Over a decade ago, psychologist Barry Schwartz published what might be the ultimate psychological book, The Paradox(悖论)of Choice

Over a decade ago, psychologist Barry Schwartz published what might be the ultimate psychological book, The Paradox(悖论)of Choice

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问题     Over a decade ago, psychologist Barry Schwartz published what might be the ultimate psychological book, The Paradox(悖论)of Choice-. Why More Is Less. In it, Schwartz argues that the modern world’s smorgasbord(大杂烩)of options—Coke Zero or Diet? Major in sociology or psychology? — makes us less happy, not more. "Choice overload" , as he calls it, makes us question our decisions, set our expectations too high, and blame ourselves for our mistakes.
    One of my favorite Schwartzisms is this: If you ever aren’t sure if you attended the very best party or bought the very best computer, just settle for " good enough". People who do this are called "satisficers" , and they’re consistently happier, he’s found, than are " maximizers"(完美主义者), people who feel that they must choose the very best possible option. Maximizers earn more, Schwartz has found, but they’re also less satisfied with their jobs. In fact, they’re more likely to be clinically depressed in general.
    The reason this happens, as Schwartz explained in a paper with his Swarthmore colleague Andrew Ward, is that as life circumstances improve, expectations rise. People begin comparing their experiences to peers who are doing better, or to past experiences they’ve personally had that were better.
    As people have contact with items of high quality, they begin to suffer from "the curse of insight". The lower quality items that used to be perfectly acceptable are no longer good enough. The cheerful zero point keeps rising, and expectations and aspirations rise with it. As a result, the rising quality of experience is met with rising expectations, and people are just running in place. As long as expectations keep pace with realizations, people may live better, but they won’t feel better about how they live.
    Schwartz’ solution, as he recently explained to the psychology blogger Eric Barker, is just to settle for something that’s acceptable—even if you know there’s likely something better out there. Whenever you need a new laptop, buy the laptop identical with your maximizer friends’. It is probably not the perfect laptop for you, but good enough for you. It takes you five minutes to make a decision instead of five weeks and it’s a " good enough" decision.
    It can be hard, in our culture, to force yourself to settle for "good enough". But when it comes to happiness and satisfaction, "good enough" isn’t just good—it’s perfect.
According to Schwartz, expectations______.
选项 A、lead to disappointment
B、cannot be shared with your peers
C、are closely related to comparison with others
D、improve along with the enhancement of surroundings
答案D
解析 事实细节题。本题考查施瓦茨关于期望的观点。第三段首句提到，正如施瓦茨和他在斯沃斯莫尔的同事安德鲁·沃德在一篇论文中解释的那样，发生这种情况的原因是，期望值随着生活环境的改善而上升。D)是该句的同义转述，故为答案。A)“导致失望”和B)“不能与同龄人分享”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“与同其他人的比较密切相关”是针对本段末句中people begin comparing their experi—ences to peers who are doing better设置的干扰项，该句是上文中提到的问题的原因，而非施瓦茨关于期望的观点，故排除。
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