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  3. This year marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of EP Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class, which revolut

This year marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of EP Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class, which revolut

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问题     This year marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of EP Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class, which revolutionized the study of history. Until then, history had been mainly about the powerful—the ruling order of kings and queens, aristocrats, industrialists, soldiers, politicians and landowners—and the interpretation of the world through their culture and belief systems.
    With Thompson’s book, this was turned upside down—"history from below" was a new way of seeing the world through the eyes of the new rising working class of the early 19th century and the movements and ideas that it and its allies created. He sought "to rescue the poor stockinger, the Luddite cropper, the ’obsolete’ (被淘汰的) hand-loom weaver, the ’Utopian’ artisan, and even the easy-cheated follower of Joanna Southcott, from the enormous arrogance of offspring".
    This approach to history is now under attack from the theorist of the new right and from coalition education ministers. But why does this matter? There are at least two reasons why this issue has direct relevance.
    First, the current dominance of neoliberal (新自由主义者) , elitist ideology threatens to create a culturally totalitatian (极乐主义) Orwellian society with no space for alternative conceptions. The gap between the rich and powerful and the rest is accompanied by a similar gulf in political perceptions. The result is that the political process becomes more and more discredited. This closing down of the discussion of alternative analyses is exemplified by the revolt of economics students against being taught exclusively the neoclassical orthodoxies, and their demands that alternative theories—those of Marx, Adam Smith and Keynes—should be included in their curriculums.
    Second, Thompson showed how fundamental social and political change came from movements of the "common people". He had little time for political parties and their bureaucratized processes, still less for the belief that history was predetermined: he believed in the human agency of ordinary people making their own history. As he put it, "The working class did not rise like the sun at an appointed time. It was present at its own making." In this sense, his position prefigures the non-aligned progressive left of the early 21st century—exemplified by the Greens, the Occupy movement, UK Uncut, and the opposition to the renewal of Trident.
    The consequences of forgetting these lessons would be profound. Political disillusionment and alienation may increase. A vacuum in democratic politics is likely to lead to the rise of the populist, xenophobic (恐惧外国人的) right, as can be seen in the current politics of both the UK and other European societies. The stakes could hardly be higher.
What does "this" (Line 1, Para. 2) refer to?
选项 A、History from below was a new way of seeing the world.
B、The current history study is mostly about the working class.
C、Neoclassic historians allow no alternatives but orthodoxies.
D、History had been predominantly about the powerful class.
答案D
解析 语义题。根据题干中的this可定位到原文第二段第一句。根据以往做题经验，指代类题目应到关键词前后找答案。this之前的第一段第二句提到以往历史都是关于权势人物的，this之后提到了汤普森从工人阶级的眼光去看待世界，要把工人阶级“拯救”出来，而本文作者是支持汤普森的观点的，由此可判断this指代“历史都是关于权势人物的”，故选D。
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