2. 外语
  3. Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Mo

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Mo

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问题    Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanites, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
   One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage system were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would change exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
   While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
Why does the author mention "industrialization" in line 4, para. 3?
选项 A、To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities.
B、To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas.
C、To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem.
D、To illustrate the need for construction of new factories.
答案A
解析 根据文章第三段第三句“City planning was nothing new,but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order．”可 知，城市规划并不是一个新事物，但是，19世纪晚期快速的工业化和城市发展却完全失去了有 序性。换言之，快速工业化导致了城市规划的失败。B项表述说经济发展对城市很重要，这一 点符合事实，但不是文中观点。据此判断，答案是A。
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