首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Highlighting Is a Waste of Time A)In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, every one of us—from schoolchi
Highlighting Is a Waste of Time A)In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, every one of us—from schoolchi
admin
2015-07-31
29
问题
Highlighting Is a Waste of Time
A)In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, every one of us—from schoolchildren to college students to working adults—needs to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved most effective. Worse, research finds that learning strategies we do commonly employ, like rereading and highlighting, are among the least effective.
B)The scientific literature evaluating these techniques stretches back decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to survey. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have now done the job for us. In a comprehensive report released on Jan. 9 by the Association for Psychological Science, the authors, led by Kent State University professor John Dunlosky, closely examine 10 learning strategies and rate each from high to low utility on the basis of the evidence they’ve collected. Here is a quick guide to the report’s conclusions:
The Worst
C)Highlighting and underlining led the authors’ list of ineffective learning strategies. Although they are common practices, studies show they offer no benefit beyond simply reading the text. Some research even indicates that highlighting can get in the way of learning; because it draws attention to individual facts, it may hamper(阻碍)the process of making connections and drawing inferences. Nearly as bad is the practice of rereading, a common exercise that is much less effective than some of the better techniques you can use. Lastly, summarizing, or writing down the main points contained in a text, can be helpful for those who are skilled at it, but again, there are far better ways to spend your study time. Highlighting, underlining, rereading and summarizing were all rated by the authors as being of "low utility. "
The Best
D)In contrast to familiar practices like highlighting and rereading, the learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the psych lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This tactic involves spreading out your study sessions, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time. And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
E)The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by the report’s authors is practice testing. Yes, more tests—but these are not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval(记忆恢复). While practice testing is not a common strategy—despite the best evidence supporting it—there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form, via apps(应用程序)like Quizlet, StudyBlue and FlashCardMachine. Both spaced-out learning, or distributed practice, and practice tests were rated as having "high utility" by the authors.
The Rest
F)The remainder of the techniques evaluated by Dunlosky and his colleagues fell into the middle ground—not useless, but not especially effective either. These include mental imagery, or coming up with pictures that help you remember text(which is time-consuming and only works with text that lends itself to images); elaborative interrogation, or asking yourself "why" as you read(which is kind of annoying, like having a 4-year-old tugging at your sleeve); self-explanation, or forcing yourself to explain the text in detail instead of passively reading it over(its effectiveness depends on how complete and accurate your explanations are); interleaved practice, or mixing up different types of problems(there is not much evidence to show that this is helpful, outside of learning motor tasks); and lastly the keyword memory skills, or associating new vocabulary words, usually in a foreign language, with an English word that sounds similar—so, for example, learning the French word for key, la clef, by imagining a key on top of a cliff(which is a lot of work to remember a single word).
G)All these techniques were rated of "moderate" to "low" utility by Dunlosky et al because either there isn’t enough evidence yet to be able to recommend them or they’re just not a very good use of your time. Much better, say the authors, to spread out your learning, ditch your highlighter and get busy with your flash cards.
Summarizing sometimes is beneficial to those who are good at summarizing itself.
选项
答案
C
解析
细节归纳题。由定位句可知,总结或者说写下文章主要大意,对于擅长总结的人来讲有益处,但如果想促进学习,可以采取其他很多更好的方法。题干是对定位句的概括归纳,故C)为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/D0l7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Thebehavioroftheplayersandspectators.B、Theinternationallevelofthesports.C、Theattitudeofthespectatorsandthe
A、HenormallypracticesoralEnglisheveryday.B、HealwaysspeaksEnglishwithhisbestfriend.C、HeoftenpracticesEnglishon
Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienc
Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienc
Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienc
WaystoLiveLongerA)WehavetheNHS(theNationalHealthService)andmuchoftherestoftheworldenviesusforit,buthowlo
FreeSchoolMealsA)MillionsofAmericanschoolchildrenarereceivingfreeorlow-costmealsforthefirsttimeastheirparents
FreeSchoolMealsA)MillionsofAmericanschoolchildrenarereceivingfreeorlow-costmealsforthefirsttimeastheirparents
FreeSchoolMealsA)MillionsofAmericanschoolchildrenarereceivingfreeorlow-costmealsforthefirsttimeastheirparents
随机试题
患者女性,67岁,右手抖动、行走缓慢4年,经过神经科检查后考虑为帕金森病。对其治疗有不同的方案,下列哪项是正确的
不对称牙颌面畸形不包括
A.十年B.两年C.七年D.七年零六个月E.五年进口药品注册证的期限为
【背景资料】A公司中标某市城区高架路工程第二标段。本工程包括高架桥梁、地面辅道及其他附属工程:工程采用工程量清单计价,并在清单中列出了措施项目;双方签订了建设工程施工合同,其中约定工程款支付方式为按月计量支付,并约定发生争议时向工程所在地仲裁委员会
关于基金托管人的内部控制,正确的有()。
非货币性资产交换具有商业实质且相关资产公允价值能够可靠计量的,换出资产公允价值与其账面价值的差额,下列处理中正确的有()。
商品使用价值和价值的统一性表现在()。
我国的国家性质是人民民主专政的社会主义国家。我国国家性质的首要标志是()。
阅读下列说明和图,回答问题,将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。【说明】某学校欲开发一学生跟踪系统,以便更自动化、更全面地对学生在校情况(到课情况和健康状态等)进行管理和追踪,使家长能及时了解子女的到课情况和健康状态,并在有健康问题时及时与医护机构对接。该系
Areportlastweekshowedthatalmosthalfofallmenfailedtotakeuptheirofferingoftwoweekspaternityleave(陪产假).TheEq
最新回复
(
0
)