首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
admin
2013-10-08
48
问题
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studies of gang characteristics. Police files record everything from the face that the Crips in Los Angeles wear blue while rival Bloods wear red to intricate details of the Satanic rituals and grave desecrations committed by white gangs known as "atones" or "heavy metalers." These and other rituals make it clear that youth gangs ate fat more than mere social clubs or business organizations--they are highly developed subcultures.
The key determinant of gang’s culture is the neighborhood, known bu blacks and Hispanic gangs members as "the’ hood." Hispanic gangs, especially, identify strong with their "barrios," swatches of land often sandwiched between freeways and railroad tracks in which the same gang might have lived and fought for several generations.
The nature of the hood can make a difference in how police approach gang crime. Hispanic gangs that sell drugs ate more likely to consummate deals with friends and acquaintances inside selected shops, restaurants, or apartments, according to San Francisco gang researcher Dan Waldorf. Doing business this way requires police to have insider knowledge -- to know a gang’s secret hand signals, for example. Black gangs, by contrast, usually make sales out in the open, often to strange, in front of housing projects or small stores.
A gang’s name also reveals much. Names are often designed to inspire gear (as in New York’s Savage Nomads), to boast about a gang’s modus operandi (Miami’s Mazda Boys steal Mazda cars) or to celebrate the gang’s street or housing project (as in the Main Street Crips or the 11-Dwuce Hoovers in the neighborhood of 112th and Hoover Streets in Los Angles). In many cities, police seek to avoid publicizing the names of gangs because, as Boston police spokesman Scott Gillis said, "it gives them undue notoriety."
The dress codes and colors provide further evidence that gangs are determined to thrive in their own cultures -- gang members persist in wearing their distinctive colors even though it helps police keep track of them. Today’s gang members frequently wear baggy Khaki pants riding low on the hips, patterns shaved into their heads, a single glove or earring, and shoelaces laced to one side or the other. They also have sport bandannas and colored rags hanging from their back pockets. Many have cigarette burns on their hands to signify courage, while other display knife cuts. Tattoos are popular with black gangs. Some members wear rapper-style sunglasses and "cake cutter" combs with sharp metal tines.
Quite often they wear expensive sneakers (the BK on British Knights means "Blood Killer" to the Crips) Hats and jackets with the names of rival professional football teams have been known to provoke fights between gangs. Asian gangs ate known to color and spray their hair in bizarre styles, a disguise that can be altered quickly by the wind as their speeding car leaves the scene of crime.
Graffiti is thought to be the essence of gang membership, the essence of gang fear. For many gangs, the act of marketing graffiti is a declaration of control of a neighborhood. Defacing a rival gang’s graffiti can provoke deadly retaliation. Common images in graffiti include pitchforks, guns, dollars signs, Profanity, and sometimes the name of a targeted shooting victim. Hispanic graffiti is characterized by stylized, three-dimensional or block lettering with serifs. Black graffiti, L. A. police say, has fewer flourishes.
Gang cultures can be highly ceremonial. Many gangs have daunting initiation rites that require an aspiring member to steal car, fight the gang’s leaders, or participate in a drive-by shooting. Gang marriage ceremonies have also been recorded; one in New York City involved the sharing of blood from knife cuts and the pouring of a can of beer over the couple’s heads. At gang funerals, a booklet with photos and a rhyming tribute to the deceased is often distributed.
Though the vast majority of gang members are male, many. gangs have female associates, and there are some all-female gangs. (Los Angeles often gang is said to have 20-30female gangs.) Female members often hide and protect male members, or carry concealed weapons or narcotics for them, police say, because they are less likely to be searched. They also cater gang parties. Gang girls are often the objects of fights between jealous rival gangs. They are sometimes used as sexual lures, and are often expected to provide sex to multiple gang members.
Female gang members are often teen mothers with drug problems who, faced with the alternative of prostitution, use gangs to support themselves. Though they are increasingly as prone to fighting as male gang members, female continue to play a secondary role in most gangs. As a 19-year-old Hispanic gang member form Santa Ana said: "We’re the ones who take care of the’ hood; we protect them. They ain’t got nothing to say."
According to the information in the passage, a gang’s style of hair, dress, and body marking ______.
选项
A、gibe members a cultural identity
B、inspire fear in the neighborhood
C、warn rival gangs to stay away
D、help police keep track of a gang’s activities
答案
A
解析
此题为推理题。了解次文化的意思即可得到正确答案,此文后和其他社会团体之间的差别,在于他们有意使自己的服装、发型或其他兴趣是与众不同的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/D9ZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhatisRobertworriedmoreabout?
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginterestsbetweenthefieldoflinguisticsandotherdisciplinescreateseveralcross-d
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginterestsbetweenthefieldoflinguisticsandotherdisciplinescreateseveralcross-d
WhoarementionedtoprotecttheendangeredanimalsinsomeAfricancountries?
BritishEducationalSystem1.PrimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain1)Childrengototheprimaryschoolattheageof(1)
TheEnglishpeopleandtheEnglishlanguagewerebornfromtheunionof______.
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginofthelanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowis
People’sattitudetowarddrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Someregarditas(1)_____miraculous;othersthinkofthemasdang
Povertyexistsbecauseoursocietyisanunequalone,andtherearepowerfulpoliticalpressurestokeepthemthatway.(1)_____
敦煌坐落在甘肃省西北的沙漠走廊地带,其西靠近新疆,其东是祁连山脉。这座有两千年历史的古城,曾经是联结中国和中亚的丝绸之路上一个重要的商队驻足地。如今,其吸引来客的主要原因在于敦煌是世界上已知的佛教艺术的一个最珍贵的宝藏的所在地——莫高窟。据一幅唐石刻所载,
随机试题
下列有关计算机病毒的叙述,不正确的是()
男性,49岁,尿色变深3个月,同时皮肤渐发黄,粪便颜色变淡,偶有微热,体检:巩膜、皮肤明显黄染,腹平坦,肝于右肋弓下3cm,表面光滑、无压痛,胆囊于肝下可触及,张力大,无压痛。诊断为壶腹部肿瘤
《企业破产法》及司法解释规定,法院受理破产申请后,下列关于管理人职责及债务人财产的说法中,错误的是()。
行政诉讼是一种特殊的诉讼,具有与其他诉讼不同的特有的原则,这些原则包括()。
通常的经验告诉我们,束缚我们的思想的那些预设和范式如此根深蒂固,除非有东西使它们凸现出来,否则我们对之毫无觉察。假如我们是历史学家,我们就有理由认为,肯定还有其他预设和范式在起作用,而我们对之全然不知,因为它们只有通过未来某些历史时刻所提供的视角才能看清楚
给定资料1.雾霾古已有之,《诗经》中就有“终风且霾”的记载。在历史上也曾影响人们的日常生活,如清人昭连《啸亭续录》的“昼晦”条,其中就记有“路人皆不敢行”、“老妪佝偻为风吹毙”、“遗失幼孩”等事件。可是,今天的城市雾霾与这些偶然的自然现象有着本质
根据所给资料,回答以下问题。2015年1—2月,邮政企业和全国快递服务企业业务收入(不包括邮政储蓄银行直接营业收入)累计完成580.4亿元,同比增长25.2%;业务总量累计完成614.1亿元,同比增长30.5%。2月份,因春节假期因素,行业增速略
TeachingandLearningManyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.Ifalongreadinga
【B1】【B19】
Theappealforfundsdidnot______muchresponse.
最新回复
(
0
)