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  3. Nutritional(营养的) status affects children’ s behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able t

Nutritional(营养的) status affects children’ s behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able t

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问题    Nutritional(营养的) status affects children’ s behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical and learning experience. Poorly nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn, or too active during class activities. Fat children also face many problems. They are often slow and less able to participate in physical activities. They may suffer from being laughed at and emotional stress by being excluded from playmates.
   Children’ s resistance to infection and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status. Children who are well nourished are less likely to become ill: they also recover more quickly when they are sick. Poorly nourished children are more sensitive to infections and illness. Illness also increases the need for some nutrients. Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poorer nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.
   Malnutrition is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with poverty or a poor environment. Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished because of unwise food selections. Malnutrition occurs when there is prolonged (拖延的) imbalance of the nutrients that are required and the nutrients that are actually eaten. Malnutrition may be the result of under-nutrition or over-nutrition.
   It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young children. An adequate intake of all required nutrients is most vital during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency on physical development during early childhood are less likely to be changed by improved dietary intake later.
Malnutrition may be caused by______.
选项 A、a poor environment
B、unwise food selections
C、under-nutrition
D、both B and C
答案D
解析 根据第三段第一句“Malnutrition is…not always associated with poverty or a poor environment．”可知，营养不良并不总是与贫穷和恶劣的环境联系在一起的，所以A项不正确。根据第三段第二句“…because of unwise food selections．”和最后一句“Malnutrition may be the result of under-nutrition or over-nutrition．”可知，选项B、C都是营养不良的原因。故选D。
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