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  3. Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebell

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebell

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问题     Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
    Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics— but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "anti-science" in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
    Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason," held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information," which assembled last June near Buffalo.
    Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
    A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
    Some people scorn science and long for return to a pre-technological Utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
    The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
    Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. "The term ’anti-science’ can lump together too many, quite different things," notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. "They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened."

Which of the following is true according to the passage?
选项 A、Environmentalists were blamed for "anti-science" in an essay.
B、Politicians are not subject to the labeling of "anti-science".
C、The "more enlightened" tend to tag others as "anti-science".
D、Tagging environmentalists as "anti-science" is justifiable.
答案A
解析 本题是定位于全文的是非判断题，可以根据选项关键词定位文章各段。选项A的关键词是Environmentalists，因此可以定位到原文的第六段第二句，作者表示去年五月份刊登在《美国新闻和世界报道》的一篇文章(an essay)似乎有此暗示(即暗示环保主义者是“反科学”)，因此选项A与原立含义相同，另外，第七段首句称：这些环保主义者不可避免地对这些批评人士做出回应，即可得知上文的文章(essay)中有人批评过他们，再次验证选项A为正确选项。迎的关键词是Politicians，可以定位到第五段，“反科学”的标签也贴到了共和党人士身上，而不是政治家不会被贴上“反科学”标签，因此属于正反混淆。选项C的关键词是The “more enlightened”，可以定位到第八段第三句，它们(被贴上“反科学”标签的事物)唯一的共同点就是会激怒或威胁那些自以为比别人更高明的人，即“那些自以为比别人更高明的人”是被激怒或威胁的对象，而不是给他人贴上“反科学”标签的主体，所以选项C属于主观推断。选项D在第六段第二句，作者明确支持环保人士，因此给环保主义者贴上反科学的标签是不合理的，属于正反混淆。
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