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  3. Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the deg

Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the deg

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问题 Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the degree to which the expression of women’s individuality was either permitted or suppressed. Influenced by Western individualism, these historians define a peculiar form of personhood: an innately bounded unit, autonomous and standing apart from both nature and society. An anthropologist, however, would contend that a person can be conceived in ways other than as an "individual." In many societies a person’s identity is not intrinsically unique and self-contained but instead is defined within a complex web of social relationships.
In her study of the fifteenth-century Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a historian who specializes in European women of the Renaissance attributes individual intention and authorship of actions to her subject. This historian assumes that Alessandra had goals and interests different from those of her sons, yet much of the historian’s own research reveals that Alessandra acted primarily as a champion of her sons’ interests, taking their goals as her own. Thus Alessandra conforms more closely to the anthropologist’s notion that personal motivation is embedded in a social context. Indeed, one could argue that Alessandra did not distinguish her personhood from that of her sons. In Renaissance Europe the boundaries of the conceptual self were not always firm and closed and did not necessarily coincide with the boundaries of the bodily self.
The passage suggests that the historian mentioned in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regarding Alessandra Strozzi?
选项 A、Alessandra was able to act more independently than most women of her time because she was a widow.
B、Alessandra was aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.
C、Alessandra had goals and interests similar to those of many other widows in her society.
D、Alessandra is an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.
E、Alessandra was exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the social constraints placed upon women in her society.
答案D
解析 Application
According to the passage, the historian whose study of Strozzi is discussed "attributes individual intention and authorship of actions" to her. The passage does not discuss whether, or how, the historian may have regarded Strozzi’s widowhood as relevant to her exercise of autonomy; nor does the passage discuss the extent to which, if at all, the historian regarded Strozzi’s actions, goals, or interests as typical of women in Renaissance Europe.
A The passage provides no evidence as to whether the historian would agree with this.
B The passage does not attribute to the historian, even implicitly, a view that Strozzi’s personal motivation was primarily "embedded in a social context"; so the historian would likely believe that Strozzi herself did not see her personal motivation as so embedded.
C The passage provides no evidence as to whether the historian would regard Strozzi’s goals and interests as resembling those of other widows in her society.
D Correct. The first sentence of the second paragraph indicates that the historian treats Strozzi as an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.
E The passage provides no evidence that the historian viewed Strozzi as exceptional in effecting any kind of social change.
The correct answer is D.
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