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  3. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

admin2015-01-15  28
问题     Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
    The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24. 5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67. 2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
    While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. " Last year Japan experienced 2 125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
    But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure. " With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
Which one below is not the reason why the Japanese youngsters lost their aims?
选项 A、The education system in Japan was lack of creation and self-expression.
B、The long-term crowded living conditions in Urban Japan.
C、They were not satisfied with their school life.
D、Japan has largely fulfilled its economy needs.
答案C
解析 本题是推理题。本文从很多方面讲述了日本青少年失去目标的原因，第3段从日本的教育方面，说日本的教育“强调应试和机械性学习而不重视创造性及个性表现的培养”，第4段说“这跟日本的生活方式有很大关系”，也作为一个理由进一步解释，而第1段最后一句话直接说明日本已经满足了经济发展的要求，很多年轻人不知道该往哪走，而C项是作为日本青少年失去目标后的一个结果出现的，不是原因，因此C项不正确，答案是C项。
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