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  3. 　　Many people think that NASA’s programs of the late 1950s and 1960s were extremely popular, and it is often said that the Apoll

　　Many people think that NASA’s programs of the late 1950s and 1960s were extremely popular, and it is often said that the Apoll

admin2022-02-15  5
问题 　　Many people think that NASA’s programs of the late 1950s and 1960s were extremely popular, and it is often said that the Apollo program unified an otherwise disunified nation. It is tempting to imagine a reinvigorated program of space exploration bringing us back together. Sadly, however, space exploration has never been the national unifier that many people think. While scientists cheered Explorer 1, a good many would oppose the human spaceflight programs that followed, viewing them as expensive, dangerous and largely symbolic. Many military leaders also opposed human spaceflight, preferring to see resources focused on the crucial challenges of rocket propulsion and guidance.
　　Dwight Eisenhower, president at the time of Explorer 1, was a reluctant space warrior, rejecting the idea of a space race since "race" implied haste. Moreover, while it was often asserted that space superiority would translate into military superiority, Eisenhower believed that the U. S. could be fully defended with existing nuclear weapons and conventional forces. In later years he would dismiss the Apollo program as a "stunt. "
　　And then there was the cost. Under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, NASA’s budget skyrocketed—Apollo would be the largest peacetime expenditure in Americanhistory—and Congress got increasingly uneasy. NASA’s 1964 budget was $5. 1 billion; the 1965 budget was $5.3 billion. For Democrats wanting to expand spending on social problems and Republicans wanting to shrink the federal budget, these were disturbing numbers. They disturbed the American people, too. Throughout the 1960s polls showed that a majority of Americans did not believe the Apollo program was worth the cost. But after Americans made it to the moon , most of the earlier skepticism was forgotten, and as Apollo receded into history people had an increasingly favorable view of it. According to one poll, in 1989, 77 percent of Americans thought the moon landing was worth the cost, in contrast to 1979, when only 47 percent felt that way. Perhaps it is the idea of space that unifies us, particularly when burnished by the glow of nostalgia.
　　A 2018 Pew Research poll found that 80 percent think the space station has been a good investment, and 72 percent think it is essential for the U. S. to remain a global leader in space. But only 18 percent think it should be a top priority to send humans to Mars, and only 13 percent support sending humans to the moon.
　　So what do Americans want NASA to do? The answer may come as a surprise: 63 percent say NASA should make monitoring global climate a top priority. The second-highest priority is looking for asteroids or other objects that might hit our planet.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
选项 A、Are NASA’s Programs Still Supported by Americans
B、Is the U. S. Losing Its Leadership in Space
C、Where Should NASA Head for in the Future
D、Can Exploring Space Unite Americans
答案D
解析 主旨题。解答主旨题的关键是通过把握各段的段落大意(一般位于段落的首尾句)来把握全文主旨。文章的第一段开篇点明主题，描述了在过去美国宇航局的项目十分受大众欢迎，阿波罗计划使人们团结起来，但之后人们也持反对态度；第二段描述艾森豪威尔对太空项目的态度，第三段主要描述美国人民对其巨大投入的担忧；第四段和第五段则描述了对美国人民的民意调查，以及美国人希望NASA做的事情。综合全文来看，文章主要在说space“太空”和unite“团结”两件事，选项D最能概括全文，故选项D正确。选项A为文章中部分段落中提到的细节性内容，不足以概括全文，故排除；根据选项B可定位至倒数第二段，也是细节性内容，故排除；选项C对应文章最后两段，不足以概括全文，故排除。
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