首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How Much Higher? How Much Faster? A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation b
How Much Higher? How Much Faster? A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation b
admin
2020-06-08
38
问题
How Much Higher? How Much Faster?
A)Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.
B)For the so-called power events—that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump-times and distances have improved ten to twenty percent. In the endurance events the results have been more dramatic. At the 1908 Olympics, John Hayes of the U.S. team ran to marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Morocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.
C)No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. "The athlete must choose his parents carefully," says Jesus Dapena, a sports scientist at Indiana University, invoking an oft-cited adage.
D)Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics-and greater rewards to tempt athletes-it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. "Was there someone like[sprinter]Michael Johnson in the 1920s?" Dapena asks. "I’m sure there was, but his talent was probably never realized."
E)Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step. Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sports Science at California State University at Fullerton, maintains that "genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third than we’ve been going." Yessis believes that U.S. runners, despite their impressive achievements, are "running on their genetics".
F)By applying more scientific methods, "they’re going to go much faster". These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.
G)Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power—the rate at which an athlete can expend energy. When a sprinter runs, Yesis explains, her foot stays in contact with the ground for just under a tenth of a second, half of which is devoted to landing and the other half to pushing off. Plyometric exercises help athletes make the best use of this brief interval.
H)Nutrition is another area that sports trainers have failed to address adequately. "Many athletes are not getting the best nutrition, even through supplements," Yessis insists. Each activity has its own nutritional needs. Few coaches, for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace minerals can lead to injuries.
I)Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. "If we applied the Russian training model to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country," Yessis asserts, "they would be breaking records left and right." He will not predict by how much, however: "Exactly what the limits are it’s hard to say, but there will be increases even if only by hundredths of a second, as long as our training continues to improve."
J)One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. By applying Newton’ s law to these motions, "we can say that this athlete’ s run is not fast enough; that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off," says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, however, biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance.
K)Revolutionary ideas still come from the athletes themselves. For example, during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, a relatively unknown high jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar backwards, in complete contradiction of all the received high-jumping wisdom, a move instantly dubbed the Fosbury flop. Fosbury himself did not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations.
L)Fosbury also required another element that lies behind many improvements in athletic performance: an innovation in athletic equipment. In Fosbury’s case, it was the cushions that jumpers land on. Traditionally, high jumpers would land in pits filled with sawdust. But by Fosbury’s time, sawdust pits had been replaced by soft foam cushions, ideal for flopping.
M)In the end, most people who examine human performance are humbled by the resourcefulness of athletes and the powers of the human body. "Once you study athletics, you learn that it’s a vexingly complex issue," says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University. "Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer. So many variables enter into the equation, and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. We’re got a long way to go." For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken.
One latest method to analyze body movement in action is biomechanics, which has slightly influence on athletic performance by now.
选项
答案
J
解析
题干意为,最近的一个新方法是研究运动中身体的活动情况。被称为生物力学,但到目前为止对运动员的进步收效甚微。根据题干关键词“biomechanics”可直接定位至J段。此题为J段大意的概括。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DhP7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Toshowtherelationshipbetweenfearfulnessandenvironment.B、Togiveexamplesofanimalsthattheyaren’tfearful.C、Toco
WhyIBecameaTeacher:toPassonMyLoveofLiteratureA)Likelotsofpeople,IneverthoughtI’dbeateacherwhenIwasat
WhyIBecameaTeacher:toPassonMyLoveofLiteratureA)Likelotsofpeople,IneverthoughtI’dbeateacherwhenIwasat
A、Askquestionsabouttheassignedreading.B、Giveanexampleofactivelearning.C、Explainrecentresearchonrecallingchildho
A、Thedepressingcoldweather.B、Thebadeconomicsituation.C、Unhealthydiet.D、Drugsandalcohol.B细节题。根据文中提到的Theeconomiccri
AsanimmigranttoNorthAmerican,youwillneedtoensurethatemployersandorganizationssuchascollegesanduniversitiespr
A、Becausemanythingschangequicklyinthe21stcentury.B、Becausewritersareoutofdate.C、Becausesometimesthedateofpub
A、Heisafriendofthewoman.B、Heisthewoman’sex-husband.C、Itisalovelydog.D、Heisatenant.C细节题。根据Iwilltakeitif
A、Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonativespecies.B、Theymayturnouttobenefitthelocalenvironment.C、Fewofthemcans
随机试题
根据下列案情材料,按照《法律文书写作》教材中的要求,拟写一份提请假释建议书。赵,男,40岁,汉族,×省×县人,19××年×月×日被县人民法院以(19××)×字第×号判决以受贿罪判处有期徒刑8年,19××年×月×日交付监狱执行。该罪犯在监狱关押五年
下列药材产自华北地区的是
孙甲与孙乙乃兄弟,孙甲18岁,孙乙J6岁。二人某日到舞厅跳舞,孙甲与张某发生口角并打了起来,孙乙帮其兄孙甲打张某。派出所对孙甲、孙乙每人处以罚款50元的处罚。张某不服,向县公安局申请复议,县公安局改处各拘留5日,孙氏兄弟俩不服。问题:如果县公安局撤销了
土地勘测定界图的主要内容中,数学要素包括()。
常用的非金属耐蚀材料不包括()。
场外交易主要通过技术系统实现,场内交易主要借助于人工手段完成。( )
根据《消费税暂行条例》的规定,纳税人销售应税消费品向购买方收取的下列税金、价外费用中,不应并入应税消费品销售额的是( )。
建设中国特色社会主义事业的根本力量是
PrivateFunctionf(yAsInteger) f=y*yEndFunction运行上述程序,如下叙述中正确的是( )。
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
最新回复
(
0
)