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  3. These days, college lecture halls in the United States are being filled more and more with female rather than male students. Wom

These days, college lecture halls in the United States are being filled more and more with female rather than male students. Wom

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问题    These days, college lecture halls in the United States are being filled more and more with female rather than male students. Women now make up 55 percent of the college population— and that number continues to rise.
   Forty years ago, male students were the majority on college campuses in the United States. Traditionally men acted as the breadwinner of the family and college was seen as the path to career advancement and higher salaries. But during the feminist movements of the 1970s, more women aspired to having careers and enrolled in college to pursue a degree. By the mid-1980s, more women than men were attending college.

   At the same time, there was a decline in the number of males applying to college. Educators are uncertain of the cause of this decline, but it continues to affect enrdlment numbers for men in higher education.
   According to the National Center for Education Statistics, males leave or are kicked out of high school in higher numbers than females. And male students are three times more likely to be placed in special education programs. Author Christina Hoff Sommers attributes the drop in male enrollment to early stereotyping of boys as "aggressive" and "non-academic".
   Others believe the drop in male enrollment can be attributed to the growing number of men seeking jobs in repair, construction, and technology. These are careers that often don’t require a four-year degree from a university but still promise good salaries.
   The effect of there being more women than men at colleges has created some noticeable changes. The higher number of female students has led to more diverso classes and programs offered at universities. And at a graduation time, one may notice a difference in what types of university degrees are awarded to men and women. While women earn a higher percentage of bachelor’s and master’s degrees, men still earn a higher percentage of doctorate degrees. But fewer men on campus haven’t changed the male/female ratios in some majors. There are still fewer women in fields such as math, engineering, science and computers.
   To increase male enrollment, some schools have formed partnerships with male mentoring groups to encourage younger students to aim for college. Others have modified their recruiting and admissions policies, sending out extra mailings to boys and paying closer attention to male candidates. One female junior complained, " It’s not fair that a boy would get extra weight over a girl, but it would be better if there were more boys on campus. " The dilemma presents a challenge for colleges; How can a school attempt to close the gender gap in ways that ensure that both men and women have equal access to opportunities in universities?
Questions 71—75
Complete the summary with a maximum of two words from the passage, changing the form where necessary.
Universities in the United States currently have more female students than male students. Since the 1970s, more woman have chosen to pursue【R1】______, while the number of men enrolling in university【R2】______. Some researchers attribute this to discrimination against boys in high school. Other researchers believe that the drop in enrollment is because more men can find jobs with【R3】______that don’t require a university degree. Although the growing number of women has led to more diverse courses at universities, administrators would like to have more men enrolled. Universities now face【R4】______. How can they recruit more boys while at the same time【R5】______equal opportunity to girls at universities?
【R5】
选项
答案ensuring
解析 (文章最后一段最后一句提到大学面临的挑战：“How can a school attempt to close the gender gap in ways that ensure that both men and women have equal access to opportunities in universities?”。据此可知答案。while后应接动词的现在分词形式，因此该空填入“ensuring”。)
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本试题收录于： D类竞赛（专科）题库大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）分类
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大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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