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  3. There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of

There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of

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问题     There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
    But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not se easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
    (50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.

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答案既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们就不得不考虑这样的问题：我们是否正在形成确保我们能获得此种能力的这种力量。
解析 本句中前半句Since our chief business with them is to enable sb to do sth share in a common life是条件从句，句子的主干是we cannot help considering...；后中句whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability中whether or not引导的是动词considered的宾语从句，其中又有一个which引导的定语从句修饰powers。to enable sb to do sth的意思是“使某人能做某事”common life意思是“共同生活”；secure可以译成“获得；得到”。
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考研英语一

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