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  3. In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protec

In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protec

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问题    In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term "protection". But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, "The old protectionism…coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism—indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire (放任政策). Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies’ satisfaction."
   It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various color simplies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.
   The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.
   The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the America scene.
Which of the following inferences is TRUE, according to this passage?
选项 A、The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.
B、In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.
C、The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.
D、Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.
答案D
解析 判断题。西德不是福利国家，却是西欧经济最强国，因此A项可排除；文章提到19世纪30年代时已经出现protectionism，但未指出就是这个时期出现的，无法验证其确切的出现时期，B项无法确定；从19世纪30年代就出现的protectionism不能说是最新的，文章也未说明是否是因为最新出现而起的名，C项无根据；从倒数第二段第一句“北欧几乎全是福利国家”及该段第三句“在英国，福利国家政策有点不完全”可判断D项正确。故选D项。
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