2. 外语
  3. Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer to

Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer to

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问题     Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation. For many problems, a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution. Clearly, a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem is; however, this is not as easy as it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.     Once the problem is identified accurately, however, the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored. This can be a difficult adjustment for some people. After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected from among them. One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step-action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if not, then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option. If the solution is still not apparent, then the cycle begins again, starting with problem identification. By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.
Solving a problem can be broken down into______steps.
选项 A、3
B、4
C、5
D、6
答案B
解析 主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤：First, the problem must be identified correctly．第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately, however, the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过一旦认清了问题是什么, 第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后, 我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到：the next step—action．倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
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