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  3. Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

admin2023-03-23  58
问题     Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
    A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
    The researchers studied "prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
    Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
    Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
    Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity. " Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
    Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to________.
选项 A、develop opposite personality traits
B、see the world in an unreasonable way
C、have fond memories of their past
D、show affection for their parents
答案A
解析 细节题。由题干 Paragraph 1，children 和 adolescence定位到第一段最后两句。其中提到在青春期，依赖大人的孩子成为独立的人，可以照顾自己，可以互相帮助。与此同时，曾经开朗且顺从的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。由此可知在青少年时期孩子们的性格发生了转变，而且正好是变成了相反的性格，故正确答案为A。选项D与文义相反，青少年时期孩子们变得叛逆，不可能对父母展现爱意，故排除。文中提到孩子们变得愿意冒险和叛逆，但是这并不等同于孩子们以不合理的方式看待世界，这是对文义的曲解，故排除选项B。选项C提到孩子们会怀念过去的美好回忆，这在文中并未提到，属于无中生有，故排除。
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