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  3. Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture

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问题    Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments,  as well as paintings, written documents, and so on,  we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
   Sheet music or printed music,  too,  is material culture.  Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutusl influence
among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music cul Lure as a whole.
   One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; the)’ have affected music cultures all over the globe.
Which of tile following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
选项 A、Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.
B、Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.
C、Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.
D、The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.
答案D
解析 文章说明了音乐的物质因素，如乐揩、乐谱、电子媒体等，以及它们对音乐的影响。研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解旨乐文化，这种音乐文化的最牛动的载体是乐器。乐谱也是物质文化，能读乐谱对音乐家，更对整个音乐文化能够产生巨大影响。电子媒体对音乐越来越重要。由此我们知道音乐文化的发展离不开乐器乐谱等物质性东西的发展，是文章的主题，故[D]是正确答案。
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