首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What is the main purpose of the lecture? According to the ejection theory, why do some stellar embryos stop growing before they
What is the main purpose of the lecture? According to the ejection theory, why do some stellar embryos stop growing before they
admin
2022-09-29
85
问题
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
According to the ejection theory, why do some stellar embryos stop growing before they become stars?
Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.
Professor:
Over the past decade we’ve discovered hundreds of celestial objects we call brown dwarfs. Actually they are more reddish than brown. Theories about them have been around for decades but it’s only recently that we’ve been able to find and observe them.
Brown dwarfs are challenging for astronomers because they’re tough to classify. They have masses too large for a planet but too small for a star, and they share some characteristics with planets and others with stars. For example, they seem more like planets in that many of them orbit around stars, but they apparently form not like planets but in much the same way stars do at least initially.
Remember stars originate in huge clouds of dust and gas thousands of light years across, or molecular clouds each with enough material to make dozens of stars. Young stars forming in the denser regions of molecular clouds known as cores, which eventually collapse due to their own gravity.
Now within any given molecular cloud there can be several cores. And when they collapse, the inner portions break up into humps, which are stellar embryos, stars in the process of forming. So a collapsing core can contain several stellar embryos, several of which can become stars. The usual path to star formation is that the gravity of the stellar embryo pulls in material to add to its mass and at some point this embryo becomes so massive and dense that its material begins to fuse, to undergo nuclear fusion. Essentially it ignites and becomes a star that will burn for billions of years.
Brown dwarfs start out like stars, we think, as stellar embryos collecting dust and gas in the cores of molecular clouds. And as they gather mass, they are heated by all the material rushing in and begin giving off some infrared light. Certain molecules may even undergo a particular kind of low level of fusion. But if a stellar embryo fails to pull in enough molecules of dust and gas, it will never grow massive enough to ignite the powerful, more typical sort of fusion that turns it into a full-fledged star.
But what prevents that? Why does it just stop growing? So that after several million years, a fairly short time in astronomical terms, this failed star that we now call a brown dwarf just begins to cool again and fade. Two theories.
First one is called the ejection theory. Okay, well, according to this ejection theory, the smaller stellar embryos inside a collapsing core, the embryos that haven’t competed so successfully for material to feed their growth, are more likely to get tossed around by or evenly ejected by gravitational forces, thrown right out of the core before they can collect enough material and become stars. So what might’ve become a star gets ejected and ends up nothing more than a brown dwarf. That’s the ejection theory.
Then there’s the turbulence theory. The turbulence theory says that dust and gas are swirling around inside a molecular cloud and it’s this turbulence that compresses some area of the cloud into cores, but not every core has enough dust and gas to form into stars, so instead of stars some cores can only form brown dwarfs, because they never had enough material to form stars in the first place.
Newborn stars are typically surrounded by disks of leftover dust and gas called disks. Over millions of years the disk material drains into the star and some of it may go into forming planets, asteroids or comets. Now if the turbulence theory is correct, brown dwarfs like many low mass stars should have stellar disks. But if ejection theory is correct, computer simulations have shown that any surrounding material will get snipped away mostly when the embryo is ejected from the core.
So the brown dwarfs have stellar disks? It turns out that many do and the disks actually help us find brown dwarfs. See, like I said, brown dwarfs aren’t bright but do give off infrared radiation and the stellar disks reflect this infrared radiation and make it appear brighter. So astronomers look for that infrared access when they are searching for brown dwarfs. And hopefully as they observe the disks more closely, they’ll be able to get more clues about the formation of brown dwarfs. I mean we can’t say for sure that the ejection theory is incorrect. Maybe brown dwarfs form in different ways. Only if our space telescopes are able to catch them in the act of forming will we know for sure.
选项
A、The motion of dust and gas inhibits their growth.
B、The cores in which they form are not dense enough.
C、They start forming in the area of a molecular cloud with the least amount of material.
D、They are moved by gravitational forces to areas outside cores.
答案
D
解析
题目询问根据抛射理论,一些恒星胚胎在它们成为恒星之前就停止增长的原因。教授提到,不能成功吸引物质让自己变大的较小的恒星胚胎,更有可能被引力抛射或均匀地抛射出去,但它们还未能收集到足够的物质形成恒星。由此可见,D项“它们被引力抛出核区”与教授所说相符。A项“尘埃和气体的运动阻碍了它们的生长”和B项“形成核的密度不够”均没有依据。恒星胚胎因吸引不到足够的物质而无法形成恒星,但它们是否出现在分子云中物质最少的区域,教授没有提及,排除C项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/EI5O777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
7:45定位句为“…ifyoucouldbeginyourreturningjourneybefore5intheafternoonorlaterthan7:45(aquarter。toeight)intheeveni
Studentscanbenefitfrom【L22】________witheachotherandcomparingnotes.Bynotattendinglecturesstudentsmisso
TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】________owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturnalHabitatMainlylivesin【L32】________,butcanalsobeseeni
RecyclinginGaea’sGuardiansExampleAim:protectingenvironmentthroughrecyclingTyp
equipment本题询问被保险的物品名称。录音中的Camerasandportableelectronic为原词复现,可知空格处应填入equipment。
A、Thedifficultiesfacedbythecolonists.B、Theskillofmilitaryheroes.C、Thecourageofoneman.D、ThecauseoftheRevoluti
→HolmesandRahe(1967)developedtheSocialReadjustmentRatingScale(SRRS)tomeasurelifechangeasaformofstress.AThe
中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分:中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势:首先,中国在21世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次,中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系,某些产品已达到20世纪90年代国
年纪较大的人经常会出现身体脱水的现象,其中部分原因在于其自身对于口渴的感觉可能已经变得十分迟钝了。但是,老年人也很容易处于体内含水量超标的状态,因为他们的肾功能已经退化。
中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
随机试题
人们称由一定的规则维系的人们公共生活的一种有序化状态是:()
DearDr.Benjamin,CongratulationsonyournominationasUnitedStatesSurgeonGeneral.Basedonyourextraordinarycareera
A、足三里B、阳陵泉C、悬钟D、足临泣E、公孙八脉交会穴中通带脉的是
客运专线制梁现场规划设计的原则包括()。
一般纳税人销售货物采用的销售额和销项税额合并定价方法的。按下列公式计算销售额()。
我国的邯郸钢铁总厂(简称邯钢)是1958年建成的老厂,目前是中国钢铁企业前10名的国有大型企业。1990年邯钢生产28种钢材有26种亏损。1991年邯钢开始以“模拟市场核算、实行成本否决”为核心,加大了企业技术改造力度,加强了内部经营管理,坚持走集约化经营
某烟厂(一般纳税人)2015年6月外购烟丝,取得增值税专用发票上注明税款为8.5万元,本月生产卷烟领用80%;本期销售卷烟20标准箱,取得不含税收入197万元,该烟厂本月应纳消费税为()万元。
德育的体谅模式非常注重培养学生的()
网络管理员使用DHCP服务器对公司内部主机的IP地址进行管理。在DHCP客户机上执行“ipconfig/all”得到的部分信息如图(a)所示,该客户机在进行地址续约时捕获的其中1条报文及相关分析如图(b)所示。请分析图中的信息,补充图(b)中空白处的内容。
______hersurprise,MissWangfoundnobodyintheclassroom.
最新回复
(
0
)