首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh
admin
2017-10-23
22
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £1,500 a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the "glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of followings could be the best title for the text?
选项
A、Avoid the discrimination.
B、Free to Flutter.
C、The Hardest Move.
D、Mind the Gap.
答案
D
解析
本题是一道中心主旨题,考查考生对本文整体把握以及对中心主旨理解的能力。本题的答案信息在文章首段的尾句(即本文的中心主旨句),其大意是:“现在,一次更大规模的研究(即Sara Connolly的研究)已经发现歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距(pay gap)方面起着作用。”并且整篇文章都是在讲述对男女科学家收入和待遇差距方面的研究,由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ESIZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformco
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformco
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.【C1】______thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribed
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.【C1】______thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribed
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.【C1】______thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribed
In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactory
In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactory
In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactory
In1924America’sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactory
随机试题
“爱人者,人恒爱之;敬人者,人恒敬之。”一个自恃清高、看不起别人、不尊重别人的人,是很难获得别人的尊重的。这启示我们,人际交往中应该遵循【】
下列关于摄取、转化胆红素的机理中哪一项是错误的_______。
Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.
急性缺氧时机体呼吸、循环有哪些代偿反应?
一般正常混凝土的波速是()m/s。
对一台在用压力容器的全面检验中,检验人员发现无制造许可证,同时缺陷严重、无法修复,应予以判废的压力容器。据压力容器安全状况等级划分规则,该压力容器的安全状况等级为()级。
会计处理方法是指在会计核算中采用的具体方法。采用不同的处理方法,都不会影响会计资料的一致性和可比性,不会影响会计资料的使用。()
战略风险管理流程中,下列哪项活动是在执行风险管理方案之前执行的()
“情人眼里出西施”是一种()【江西师范大学2014】
于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。
最新回复
(
0
)