Listen to the following passage. Write a short summary of 150 to 200 words of what you have heard. You may need to take some no

Today I’d like to talk about love between child and parent.
    For most children before the age from eight and a half to ten, the problem is almost exclusively that of being loved of being loved for what one is. The child up to this age does not yet love; he responds gratefully and joyfully to being loved. At this point of the child’s development a new factor enters into the picture: that of producing love by one’s own activity. For the first time, the child thinks of giving something to mother or to father. For the first time in the child’s life the idea of love is changed from being loved into loving, into creating love. It takes many years from this first beginning to the maturing of love. Eventually the child may now be an adolescent and has overcome his ego-centricity i the other person is not any more primarily a means to the satisfaction of his own needs. The needs of the other person are as important as his own in fact, they have become more important. To give has become more satisfactory and more joyous than to receive; to love has become more important even than being loved.
    Closely related to development of the capacity of love is the development of the object of love. The first months and years of the child are those where his closest attachment is to the mother. This attachment begins before the moment of birth, when mother and child are still one, although they are two. Although the child is now living outside of the womb, he is still completely dependent on mother. But he becomes more independent day by day: he learns to walk, to talk and to explore the world on his own; the relationship to mother loses some of its vital significance, and instead the relationship to father becomes more and more important.
    In order to understand this shift from mother to father, we must consider the essential differences in quality between motherly and fatherly love. We have already spoken about motherly love. Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional. Mother loves the new-born infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific condition, or rived up to any specific expectation.
    The relationship to father is quite different. Mother is the home we come from, She is nature, soil, the ocean; father does not represent any such natural home, he has little connection with the child in the first years of its life, and his importance for the child in this period cannot be compared with that of mother. But while father does not represent the natural world, he represents the other pole of human existence. He represents the world of thought, of law and order, of discipline, and of travel and adventure. Father is the one who teaches the child, who shows him the road into the world.
    Closely related to this function is one which is connected with socio-economic development. When private property came into existence, and when private property, could be inherited by one of the sons, father began to look for that son to whom he could leave his property. Naturally, that was the one whom father thought best fitted to become his successor, the son who was most like him and consequently whom he likes the most. Fatherly love is conditional love. Its principle is "I love you because you fulfill my expectations, because you do your duty, because you are like me." In conditional fatherly love we find a negative and a positive aspect. The negative aspect is the very fact that fatherly love has to be deserved; that it can be lost if one does not do what is expected. In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue; that disobedience is the main sin, and its punishment is the withdrawal of fatherly love.