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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】________and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】________certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】________schools of thought on the matter have【C4】________. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】________between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】________as "nature v. nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】________determined by biological and【C8】________factors. That our environment has【C9】________. if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】________that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】________by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or,【C12】________they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】________determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】________by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite【C15】________; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】________to environmental stimuli as the【C17】________of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】________, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】________that whites enjoy.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】________to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.
【C9】
选项 A、many
B、little
C、much
D、few
答案B
解析 本句是对上句的进一步解释，指出天性论者的理论核心是：环境与人的能力、性格特征和行为有……关系。根据上文，天性论者认为生物因素起很大作用，而环境起很小的作用。可知此处应填入表否定意义的词，故填入B项little，have little to do with表示“与……关系不大”。A项many“很多”，D项few“很少”，不适用于have…to do with的结构。C项much“很多”，代入句中意为“有很大关系”，但认为环境与人的能力、性格有很大关系的是环境论者。
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